Added VMA.

AppState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "AppState.h"
+
+#include <SDL3/SDL_log.h>
+
+#include "GlobalMemory.h"
+#include "RenderDevice.h"
+#include "MiscData.h"
+
+bool AppState::isInit() const
+{
+	return window and renderDevice and renderDevice->isInit();
+}
+
+void AppState::cleanup()
+{
+	if (!isInit()) return;
+
+	renderDevice->waitIdle();
+
+	Take(miscData)->cleanup(*renderDevice);
+
+	Take(renderDevice)->cleanup();
+	SDL_DestroyWindow(Take(window));
+}
+
+AppState::AppState(SDL_Window* window, RenderDevice* renderDevice, MiscData* miscData): window{ window }
+	, renderDevice{ renderDevice }
+	, miscData{ miscData }
+{
+}
+
+AppState* CreateAppState(GlobalMemory* memory, uint32_t const width, uint32_t const height)
+{
+	SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("Blaze Test", static_cast<int>(width), static_cast<int>(height), SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN);
+	if (!window)
+	{
+		SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "%s", SDL_GetError());
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	auto state = memory->getState();
+	RenderDevice* renderDevice = CreateRenderDevice(memory, { .window = window });
+	if (!renderDevice->isInit())
+	{
+		SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "RenderDevice failed to init");
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+	(void)state;
+
+	auto* miscDataAllocation = memory->allocate(sizeof(MiscData));
+
+	MiscData* miscData = new (miscDataAllocation) MiscData{};
+	miscData->init(*renderDevice);
+
+	auto* allocation = memory->allocate(sizeof(AppState));
+	AppState* appState = new (allocation) AppState{ window, renderDevice, miscData };
+
+	return appState;
+}
+
+AppState::~AppState()
+{
+	cleanup();
+}

AppState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+struct GlobalMemory;
+struct SDL_Window;
+struct RenderDevice;
+struct MiscData;
+
+struct AppState
+{
+	SDL_Window* window;
+	RenderDevice* renderDevice;
+	MiscData* miscData;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isInit() const;
+	void cleanup();
+
+	AppState(SDL_Window* window, RenderDevice* renderDevice, MiscData* miscData);
+
+	AppState(AppState const& other) = delete;
+	AppState(AppState&& other) noexcept = delete;
+
+	AppState& operator=(AppState const& other) = delete;
+	AppState& operator=(AppState&& other) noexcept = delete;
+
+	~AppState();
+};
+
+AppState* CreateAppState(GlobalMemory* memory, uint32_t const width, uint32_t const height);

Blaze.cpp

@@ -1,697 +1,94 @@
 // Blaze.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
 //
 
-#include <array>
-#include <fmt/format.h>
 
+#include <array>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <span>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include <volk.h>
+
+#define SDL_MAIN_USE_CALLBACKS 1
+#include <memory>
 #include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
 #include <SDL3/SDL_filesystem.h>
 #include <SDL3/SDL_vulkan.h>
 
-#define ASSERT(COND) assert((COND))
+#include "AppState.h"
-
+#include "Frame.h"
-#define VK_CHECK(RESULT) ASSERT((RESULT) == VK_SUCCESS)
+#include "GlobalMemory.h"
+#include "MacroUtils.h"
+#include "MathUtil.h"
+#include "RenderDevice.h"
+#include "MiscData.h"
 
 constexpr uint32_t WIDTH = 1280;
 constexpr uint32_t HEIGHT = 720;
 constexpr uint32_t NUM_FRAMES = 3;
 
-uint32_t Clamp(uint32_t const val, uint32_t const minVal, uint32_t const maxVal)
+using Byte = uint8_t;
+
+constexpr size_t operator ""_KiB(size_t const value)
 {
-	return std::min(maxVal, std::max(val, minVal));
+	return value * 1024;
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr size_t operator ""_MiB(size_t const value)
 {
-	volkInitialize();
+	return value * 1024_KiB;
+}
 
+constexpr size_t operator ""_GiB(size_t const value)
+{
+	return value * 1024_MiB;
+}
+
+namespace Blaze::Global
+{
+	GlobalMemory g_Memory;
+}
+
+SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** pAppState, int, char**)
+{
 	SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_EVENTS);
 
-	SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("Blaze Test", WIDTH, HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN);
+	Blaze::Global::g_Memory.init(128_MiB);
 
-	VkApplicationInfo constexpr applicationInfo = {
+	*pAppState = CreateAppState(&Blaze::Global::g_Memory, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
+	if (!*pAppState)
-		.pNext = nullptr,
+		return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
-		.pApplicationName = "Test",
-		.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 1, 0),
-		.pEngineName = "Blaze",
-		.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 1, 0),
-		.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_3,
-	};
 
-	uint32_t instanceExtensionCount;
+	AppState& appState = *static_cast<AppState*>(*pAppState);
-	char const* const* instanceExtensions = SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(&instanceExtensionCount);
 
-	VkInstanceCreateInfo const instanceCreateInfo = {
+	if (!appState.isInit())
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
-		.pNext = nullptr,
-		.flags = 0,
-		.pApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo,
-		.enabledLayerCount = 0,
-		.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr,
-		.enabledExtensionCount = instanceExtensionCount,
-		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = instanceExtensions,
-	};
-
-	VkInstance instance;
-	VK_CHECK(vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, nullptr, &instance));
-	volkLoadInstance(instance);
-
-	VkSurfaceKHR surface;
-	ASSERT(SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(window, instance, nullptr, &surface));
-
-	VkPhysicalDevice physicalDeviceInUse = nullptr;
-	VkDevice device = nullptr;
-	uint32_t directQueueFamilyIndex = 0;
-	VkQueue directQueue;
 	{
-		uint32_t physicalDeviceCount;
+		return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
-		VK_CHECK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physicalDeviceCount, nullptr));
+	}
-		SDL_Log("Found %u GPUs", physicalDeviceCount);
 
-		std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> physicalDevices(physicalDeviceCount);
+	return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
-		VK_CHECK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physicalDeviceCount, physicalDevices.data()));
+}
 
-
+SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
-		std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilyProperties;
-		for (VkPhysicalDevice const physicalDevice : physicalDevices)
 {
-			VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
+	AppState& appState = *static_cast<AppState*>(appstate);
-			vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &properties);
+	RenderDevice& renderDevice = *appState.renderDevice;
+	MiscData& misc = *appState.miscData;
+	Frame& currentFrame = renderDevice.frames[renderDevice.frameIndex];
 
-			SDL_Log("GPU: %s", properties.deviceName);
+	VK_CHECK(vkWaitForFences(renderDevice.device, 1, &currentFrame.frameReadyToReuse, VK_TRUE, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()));
-
-			SDL_Log("- API Version %d.%d.%d",
-				VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(properties.apiVersion),
-				VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(properties.apiVersion),
-				VK_API_VERSION_PATCH(properties.apiVersion));
-
-			constexpr static uint32_t API_PATCH_BITS = 0xFFF;
-			if ((properties.apiVersion & (~API_PATCH_BITS)) < VK_API_VERSION_1_3)
-			{
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (properties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU)
-			{
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			uint32_t queueFamilyCount;
-			vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
-			queueFamilyProperties.resize(queueFamilyCount);
-			vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilyProperties.data());
-
-			for (uint32_t queueFamilyIndex = 0; VkQueueFamilyProperties const qfp : queueFamilyProperties)
-			{
-				bool hasGraphicsSupport = false;
-				bool hasComputeSupport = false;
-				bool hasTransferSupport = false;
-				bool hasPresentSupport = false;
-
-				SDL_Log("- Queue [%d]", queueFamilyIndex);
-				if (qfp.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
-				{
-					hasGraphicsSupport = true;
-					SDL_Log("-- Graphic");
-				}
-				if (qfp.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT)
-				{
-					hasComputeSupport = true;
-					SDL_Log("-- Compute");
-				}
-				if (qfp.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT)
-				{
-					hasTransferSupport = true;
-					SDL_Log("-- Transfer");
-				}
-
-				VkBool32 isSurfaceSupported;
-				VK_CHECK(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physicalDevice, queueFamilyIndex, surface, &isSurfaceSupported));
-
-				if (isSurfaceSupported)
-				{
-					hasPresentSupport = true;
-					SDL_Log("-- Present");
-				}
-
-				if (hasGraphicsSupport and hasComputeSupport and hasTransferSupport and hasPresentSupport)
-				{
-					physicalDeviceInUse = physicalDevice;
-					directQueueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex;
-					break;
-				}
-
-				++queueFamilyIndex;
-			}
-		}
-
-		ASSERT(physicalDeviceInUse);
-
-		float priority = 1.0f;
-		VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.queueFamilyIndex = directQueueFamilyIndex,
-			.queueCount = 1,
-			.pQueuePriorities = &priority,
-		};
-
-		VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features constexpr features13 = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.synchronization2 = true,
-			.dynamicRendering = true,
-		};
-
-		VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features = {
-			.depthClamp = true,
-			.samplerAnisotropy = true,
-		};
-
-		std::array enabledDeviceExtensions = {
-			VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
-		};
-
-		VkDeviceCreateInfo const deviceCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = &features13,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.queueCreateInfoCount = 1,
-			.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo,
-			.enabledLayerCount = 0,
-			.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr,
-			.enabledExtensionCount = enabledDeviceExtensions.size(),
-			.ppEnabledExtensionNames = enabledDeviceExtensions.data(),
-			.pEnabledFeatures = &features,
-		};
-
-		VK_CHECK(vkCreateDevice(physicalDeviceInUse, &deviceCreateInfo, nullptr, &device));
-		vkGetDeviceQueue(device, directQueueFamilyIndex, 0, &directQueue);
-	}
-
-	VkFormat swapchainFormat;
-	VkExtent2D swapchainExtent = { WIDTH, HEIGHT };
-	VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
-	std::vector<VkImage> swapchainImages;
-	std::vector<VkImageView> swapchainViews;
-	{
-		VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
-		VK_CHECK(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &capabilities));
-
-		// Image Count Calculation
-		uint32_t swapchainImageCount = NUM_FRAMES;
-		if (capabilities.maxImageCount > 0)
-		{
-			swapchainImageCount = std::min(swapchainImageCount, capabilities.maxImageCount);
-		}
-		swapchainImageCount = std::max(swapchainImageCount, capabilities.minImageCount);
-
-		// Image Size calculation
-		{
-			auto [minWidth, minHeight] = capabilities.minImageExtent;
-			auto [maxWidth, maxHeight] = capabilities.maxImageExtent;
-			swapchainExtent.width = Clamp(swapchainExtent.width, minWidth, maxWidth);
-			swapchainExtent.height = Clamp(swapchainExtent.height, minHeight, maxHeight);
-		}
-
-		uint32_t surfaceFormatCount;
-		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &surfaceFormatCount, nullptr);
-		std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> surfaceFormats(surfaceFormatCount);
-		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &surfaceFormatCount, surfaceFormats.data());
-
-		VkSurfaceFormatKHR format;
-		format.format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-		for (auto& surfaceFormat : surfaceFormats)
-		{
-			if (surfaceFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)
-			{
-				SDL_Log("Color Space SRGB Found %d", surfaceFormat.format);
-				if (surfaceFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB) {
-					format = surfaceFormat;
-					break;
-				}
-				if (surfaceFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB) {
-					format = surfaceFormat;
-					break;
-				}
-				if (surfaceFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM) {
-					format = surfaceFormat;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		ASSERT(format.format != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED);
-		swapchainFormat = format.format;
-
-		uint32_t presentModeCount;
-		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
-		std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes(presentModeCount);
-		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes.data());
-
-		VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
-		for (VkPresentModeKHR presentModeIter : presentModes)
-		{
-			if (presentModeIter == VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR)
-			{
-				presentMode = presentModeIter;
-				break;
-			}
-
-			if (presentModeIter == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR)
-			{
-				presentMode = presentModeIter;
-			}
-		}
-
-		VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR const swapchainCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.surface = surface,
-			.minImageCount = swapchainImageCount,
-			.imageFormat = format.format,
-			.imageColorSpace = format.colorSpace,
-			.imageExtent = swapchainExtent,
-			.imageArrayLayers = 1,
-			.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
-			.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
-			.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
-			.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
-			.preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR,
-			.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
-			.presentMode = presentMode,
-			.clipped = false,
-			.oldSwapchain = nullptr,
-		};
-
-		VK_CHECK(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &swapchainCreateInfo, nullptr, &swapchain));
-
-		swapchainImageCount = 0;
-		vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &swapchainImageCount, nullptr);
-		swapchainImages.resize(swapchainImageCount);
-		vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &swapchainImageCount, swapchainImages.data());
-
-		for (VkImage image : swapchainImages) {
-
-			VkImageViewCreateInfo const viewCreateInfo = {
-				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
-				.pNext = nullptr,
-				.flags = 0,
-				.image = image,
-				.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
-				.format = format.format,
-				.components = {
-					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
-					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
-					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
-					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY
-				},
-				.subresourceRange = {
-					.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-					.baseMipLevel = 0,
-					.levelCount = 1,
-					.baseArrayLayer = 0,
-					.layerCount = 1,
-				}
-			};
-
-			VkImageView view;
-			VK_CHECK(vkCreateImageView(device, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &view));
-
-			swapchainViews.push_back(view);
-		}
-	}
-
-	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
-	VkPipeline trianglePipeline;
-	{
-		size_t dataSize;
-		void* rawData = SDL_LoadFile("Triangle.spv", &dataSize);
-		ASSERT(dataSize % 4 == 0);
-
-		if (not rawData)
-		{
-			SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_SYSTEM, "%s", SDL_GetError());
-			abort();
-		}
-
-		auto data = static_cast<uint32_t const*>(rawData);
-
-		VkShaderModuleCreateInfo const shaderModuleCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.codeSize = dataSize,
-			.pCode = data,
-		};
-
-		VkShaderModule shaderModule;
-		VK_CHECK(vkCreateShaderModule(device, &shaderModuleCreateInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule));
-
-		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo constexpr pipelineLayoutCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.setLayoutCount = 0,
-			.pSetLayouts = nullptr,
-			.pushConstantRangeCount = 0,
-			.pPushConstantRanges = nullptr,
-		};
-		VK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
-
-		std::array stages = {
-			VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo{
-				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
-				.pNext = nullptr,
-				.flags = 0,
-				.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
-				.module = shaderModule,
-				.pName = "VertexMain",
-				.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr,
-			},
-			VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo{
-				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
-				.pNext = nullptr,
-				.flags = 0,
-				.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
-				.module = shaderModule,
-				.pName = "FragmentMain",
-				.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr,
-			}
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo constexpr vertexInputState = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0,
-			.pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr,
-			.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0,
-			.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo constexpr inputAssembly = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
-			.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo constexpr tessellationState = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.patchControlPoints = 0,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo constexpr viewportState = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.viewportCount = 1,
-			.pViewports = nullptr,
-			.scissorCount = 1,
-			.pScissors = nullptr,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo constexpr rasterizationState = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.depthClampEnable = VK_TRUE,
-			.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
-			.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE,
-			.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
-			.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f,
-			.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f,
-			.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f,
-			.lineWidth = 1.0f,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo constexpr multisampleState = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
-			.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.minSampleShading = 0.0f,
-			.pSampleMask = nullptr,
-			.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo constexpr depthStencilState = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.depthTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
-			.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.front = {},
-			.back = {},
-			.minDepthBounds = 0.0f,
-			.maxDepthBounds = 1.0f,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState constexpr colorBlendAttachmentState = {
-			.blendEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA,
-			.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
-			.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
-			.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
-			.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
-			.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
-			.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT
-							| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT
-							| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT
-							| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo const colorBlendState = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE,
-			.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY,
-			.attachmentCount = 1,
-			.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachmentState,
-			.blendConstants = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
-		};
-
-		std::array constexpr dynamicStates = {
-			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
-			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo const dynamicStateCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamicStates.size()),
-			.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data()
-		};
-
-		VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfoKHR const renderingCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-			.colorAttachmentCount = 1,
-			.pColorAttachmentFormats = &swapchainFormat,
-		};
-
-		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const graphicsPipelineCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = &renderingCreateInfo,
-			.flags = 0,
-			.stageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(stages.size()),
-			.pStages = stages.data(),
-			.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputState,
-			.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly,
-			.pTessellationState = &tessellationState,
-			.pViewportState = &viewportState,
-			.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState,
-			.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState,
-			.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState,
-			.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState,
-			.pDynamicState = &dynamicStateCreateInfo,
-			.layout = pipelineLayout,
-			.renderPass = nullptr,
-			.subpass = 0,
-			.basePipelineHandle = nullptr,
-			.basePipelineIndex = 0,
-		};
-
-		VK_CHECK(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, nullptr, 1, &graphicsPipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &trianglePipeline));
-
-		vkDestroyShaderModule(device, shaderModule, nullptr);
-
-		SDL_free(rawData);
-	}
-
-	// Create 1 command pool per frame.
-	std::array<VkCommandPool, NUM_FRAMES> commandPools;
-	{
-		VkCommandPoolCreateInfo const commandPoolCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT,
-			.queueFamilyIndex = directQueueFamilyIndex,
-		};
-		for (auto& commandPool : commandPools) {
-			VK_CHECK(vkCreateCommandPool(device, &commandPoolCreateInfo, nullptr, &commandPool));
-		}
-	}
-
-	std::array<VkCommandBuffer, NUM_FRAMES> commandBuffers;
-	{
-		uint32_t index = 0;
-		for (auto& commandPool : commandPools) {
-			VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo const commandBufferAllocateInfo = {
-				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
-				.pNext = nullptr,
-				.commandPool = commandPool,
-				.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
-				.commandBufferCount = 1,
-			};
-			VK_CHECK(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &commandBufferAllocateInfo, &commandBuffers[index]));
-
-			++index;
-		}
-	}
-
-	std::array<VkSemaphore, NUM_FRAMES> imageAcquiredSemaphores;
-	std::array<VkSemaphore, NUM_FRAMES> renderFinishedSemaphores;
-	std::array<VkFence, NUM_FRAMES> frameInUseFences;
-	{
-		VkSemaphoreCreateInfo constexpr semaphoreCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = 0
-		};
-		for (auto& semaphore : imageAcquiredSemaphores) {
-			VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphore));
-		}
-		for (auto& semaphore : renderFinishedSemaphores) {
-			VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphore));
-		}
-
-		VkFenceCreateInfo constexpr fenceCreateInfo = {
-			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
-			.pNext = nullptr,
-			.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT,
-		};
-		for (auto& fence : frameInUseFences) {
-			VK_CHECK(vkCreateFence(device, &fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &fence));
-		}
-	}
-
-	VkImageMemoryBarrier2 acquireToRenderBarrier = {
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
-		.pNext = nullptr,
-		.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
-		.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-		.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
-		.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-		.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
-		.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
-		.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-		.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-		.subresourceRange = {
-			.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-			.baseMipLevel = 0,
-			.levelCount = 1,
-			.baseArrayLayer = 0,
-			.layerCount = 1,
-		}
-	};
-	VkDependencyInfo acquireToRenderDependency = {
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
-		.pNext = nullptr,
-		.dependencyFlags = 0,
-		.memoryBarrierCount = 0,
-		.pMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
-		.bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 0,
-		.pBufferMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
-		.imageMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
-		.pImageMemoryBarriers = &acquireToRenderBarrier,
-	};
-
-	VkImageMemoryBarrier2 renderToPresentBarrier = {
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
-		.pNext = nullptr,
-		.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
-		.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-		.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
-		.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_NONE,
-		.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
-		.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
-		.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-		.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-		.subresourceRange = {
-			.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-			.baseMipLevel = 0,
-			.levelCount = 1,
-			.baseArrayLayer = 0,
-			.layerCount = 1,
-		}
-	};
-	VkDependencyInfo renderToPresentDependency = {
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
-		.pNext = nullptr,
-		.dependencyFlags = 0,
-		.memoryBarrierCount = 0,
-		.pMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
-		.bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 0,
-		.pBufferMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
-		.imageMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
-		.pImageMemoryBarriers = &renderToPresentBarrier,
-	};
-
-	uint32_t frameIndex = 0;
-	bool isRunning = true;
-	while (isRunning)
-	{
-		SDL_PumpEvents();
-
-		SDL_Event event;
-		while (SDL_PollEvent(&event))
-		{
-			switch (event.type)
-			{
-			case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
-				isRunning = false;
-				break;
-			default:
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		VkFence fence = frameInUseFences[frameIndex];
-
-		VK_CHECK(vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &fence, VK_TRUE, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()));
 	// All resources of frame 'frameIndex' are free.
 
-		VkSemaphore imageAcquiredSemaphore = imageAcquiredSemaphores[frameIndex];
-
 	uint32_t currentImageIndex;
-		VK_CHECK(vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapchain, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max(), imageAcquiredSemaphore, nullptr, &currentImageIndex));
+	VK_CHECK(vkAcquireNextImageKHR(renderDevice.device, renderDevice.swapchain, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max(), currentFrame.imageAcquiredSemaphore, nullptr, &currentImageIndex));
 
-		VK_CHECK(vkResetFences(device, 1, &fence));
+	VK_CHECK(vkResetFences(renderDevice.device, 1, &currentFrame.frameReadyToReuse));
-		VK_CHECK(vkResetCommandPool(device, commandPools[frameIndex], 0));
+	VK_CHECK(vkResetCommandPool(renderDevice.device, currentFrame.commandPool, 0));
 
-		acquireToRenderBarrier.image = swapchainImages[currentImageIndex];
+	misc.acquireToRenderBarrier.image = renderDevice.swapchainImages[currentImageIndex];
-		renderToPresentBarrier.image = swapchainImages[currentImageIndex];
+	misc.renderToPresentBarrier.image = renderDevice.swapchainImages[currentImageIndex];
 
-		VkCommandBuffer cmd = commandBuffers[frameIndex];
+	VkCommandBuffer cmd = currentFrame.commandBuffer;
 
 	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo constexpr beginInfo = {
 		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
@@ -709,7 +106,7 @@ int main()
 		VkRenderingAttachmentInfo const attachmentInfo = {
 			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO,
 			.pNext = nullptr,
-				.imageView = swapchainViews[currentImageIndex],
+			.imageView = renderDevice.swapchainViews[currentImageIndex],
 			.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
 			.resolveMode = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE,
 			.resolveImageView = nullptr,
@@ -723,7 +120,7 @@ int main()
 			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_INFO,
 			.pNext = nullptr,
 			.flags = 0,
-				.renderArea = {.offset = {0,0}, .extent = swapchainExtent},
+			.renderArea = {.offset = {0,0}, .extent = renderDevice.swapchainExtent},
 			.layerCount = 1,
 			.viewMask = 0,
 			.colorAttachmentCount = 1,
@@ -732,107 +129,81 @@ int main()
 			.pStencilAttachment = nullptr,
 		};
 
-			vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &acquireToRenderDependency);
+		vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &misc.acquireToRenderDependency);
 		vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &renderingInfo);
 		{
 			VkViewport viewport = {
 				.x = 0,
-					.y = static_cast<float>(swapchainExtent.height),
+				.y = static_cast<float>(renderDevice.swapchainExtent.height),
-					.width = static_cast<float>(swapchainExtent.width),
+				.width = static_cast<float>(renderDevice.swapchainExtent.width),
-					.height = -static_cast<float>(swapchainExtent.height),
+				.height = -static_cast<float>(renderDevice.swapchainExtent.height),
 				.minDepth = 0.0f,
 				.maxDepth = 1.0f,
 			};
 			vkCmdSetViewport(cmd, 0, 1, &viewport);
 			VkRect2D scissor = {
 				.offset = {0, 0},
-					.extent = swapchainExtent,
+				.extent = renderDevice.swapchainExtent,
 			};
 			vkCmdSetScissor(cmd, 0, 1, &scissor);
 
 			// Render Something?
-				vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, trianglePipeline);
+			vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, misc.trianglePipeline);
 			vkCmdDraw(cmd, 3, 1, 0, 0);
 
 		}
 		vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
-			vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &renderToPresentDependency);
+		vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &misc.renderToPresentDependency);
 	}
 	VK_CHECK(vkEndCommandBuffer(cmd));
 
-		VkSemaphore renderingFinishedSemaphore = renderFinishedSemaphores[frameIndex];
-
 	VkPipelineStageFlags stageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
 	VkSubmitInfo const submitInfo = {
 		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
 		.pNext = nullptr,
 		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
-			.pWaitSemaphores = &imageAcquiredSemaphore,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = &currentFrame.imageAcquiredSemaphore,
 		.pWaitDstStageMask = &stageMask,
 		.commandBufferCount = 1,
 		.pCommandBuffers = &cmd,
 		.signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
-			.pSignalSemaphores = &renderingFinishedSemaphore,
+		.pSignalSemaphores = &currentFrame.renderFinishedSemaphore,
 	};
-		VK_CHECK(vkQueueSubmit(directQueue, 1, &submitInfo, fence));
+	VK_CHECK(vkQueueSubmit(renderDevice.directQueue, 1, &submitInfo, currentFrame.frameReadyToReuse));
 
 	VkPresentInfoKHR const presentInfo = {
 		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
 		.pNext = nullptr,
 		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
-			.pWaitSemaphores = &renderingFinishedSemaphore,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = &currentFrame.renderFinishedSemaphore,
 		.swapchainCount = 1,
-			.pSwapchains = &swapchain,
+		.pSwapchains = &renderDevice.swapchain,
 		.pImageIndices = &currentImageIndex,
 		.pResults = nullptr,
 	};
 
-		VK_CHECK(vkQueuePresentKHR(directQueue, &presentInfo));
+	VK_CHECK(vkQueuePresentKHR(renderDevice.directQueue, &presentInfo));
 
-		frameIndex = (frameIndex + 1) % NUM_FRAMES;
+	renderDevice.frameIndex = (renderDevice.frameIndex + 1) % NUM_FRAMES;
+
+	return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-	VK_CHECK(vkDeviceWaitIdle(device));
+SDL_AppResult SDL_AppEvent(void*, SDL_Event* event)
-
-	for (VkFence fence : frameInUseFences)
 {
-		vkDestroyFence(device, fence, nullptr);
+	if (event->type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT)
-	}
-
-	for (VkSemaphore semaphore : imageAcquiredSemaphores)
 	{
-		vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphore, nullptr);
+		return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
 	}
 
-	for (VkSemaphore semaphore : renderFinishedSemaphores)
+	return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, SDL_AppResult)
 {
-		vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphore, nullptr);
+	AppState* appState = static_cast<AppState*> (appstate);
-	}
+
-
+	appState->cleanup();
-	for (VkCommandPool commandPool : commandPools)
+
-	{
+	Blaze::Global::g_Memory.destroy();
-		vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, nullptr);
-	}
-
-	for (VkImageView view : swapchainViews)
-	{
-		vkDestroyImageView(device, view, nullptr);
-	}
-
-	vkDestroyPipeline(device, trianglePipeline, nullptr);
-	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
-
-	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapchain, nullptr);
-
-	vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
-
-	SDL_Vulkan_DestroySurface(instance, surface, nullptr);
-
-	vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
-
-	volkFinalize();
-
-	SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
-
-	SDL_Quit();
 }

Blaze.sln.DotSettings

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<wpf:ResourceDictionary xml:space="preserve" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:s="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib" xmlns:ss="urn:shemas-jetbrains-com:settings-storage-xaml" xmlns:wpf="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CppNaming/Rules/=Class_0020and_0020struct_0020methods/@EntryIndexedValue">&lt;NamingElement Priority="10"&gt;&lt;Descriptor Static="Indeterminate" Constexpr="Indeterminate" Const="Indeterminate" Volatile="Indeterminate" Accessibility="NOT_APPLICABLE"&gt;&lt;type Name="member function" /&gt;&lt;/Descriptor&gt;&lt;Policy Inspect="True" Prefix="" Suffix="" Style="aaBb"&gt;&lt;ExtraRule Prefix="" Suffix="" Style="aa_bb" /&gt;&lt;/Policy&gt;&lt;/NamingElement&gt;</s:String></wpf:ResourceDictionary>

Blaze.vcxproj

@@ -148,7 +148,13 @@
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="AppState.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="Blaze.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="Frame.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="GlobalMemory.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="MiscData.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="RenderDevice.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="VmaImpl.cpp" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include=".gitignore" />
@@ -173,6 +179,16 @@
     <None Include="vcpkg-configuration.json" />
     <None Include="vcpkg.json" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="AppState.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="Frame.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="GlobalMemory.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="MemoryUtils.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="MacroUtils.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="MathUtil.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="MiscData.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="RenderDevice.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
   </ImportGroup>

Blaze.vcxproj.filters

@@ -21,6 +21,24 @@
     <ClCompile Include="Blaze.cpp">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="Frame.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="RenderDevice.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="AppState.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="MiscData.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="GlobalMemory.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="VmaImpl.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="vcpkg.json">
@@ -44,4 +62,30 @@
       <Filter>Shader Files</Filter>
     </CustomBuild>
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="Frame.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="RenderDevice.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="MacroUtils.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="MathUtil.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="MemoryUtils.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="AppState.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="MiscData.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="GlobalMemory.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

Frame.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "Frame.h"
+
+#include <SDL3/SDL_log.h>
+
+#include "MacroUtils.h"
+#include "RenderDevice.h"
+
+bool Frame::isInit() const
+{
+	return static_cast<bool>(commandPool);
+}
+
+Frame::Frame(VkDevice const device, uint32_t const directQueueFamilyIndex)
+{
+	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo const commandPoolCreateInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT,
+		.queueFamilyIndex = directQueueFamilyIndex,
+	};
+	VK_CHECK(vkCreateCommandPool(device, &commandPoolCreateInfo, nullptr, &commandPool));
+
+	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo const commandBufferAllocateInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.commandPool = commandPool,
+		.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1,
+	};
+	VK_CHECK(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &commandBufferAllocateInfo, &commandBuffer));
+
+	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo constexpr semaphoreCreateInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.flags = 0
+	};
+	VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &imageAcquiredSemaphore));
+	VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphore));
+
+	VkFenceCreateInfo constexpr fenceCreateInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT,
+	};
+	VK_CHECK(vkCreateFence(device, &fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameReadyToReuse));
+}
+
+void Frame::cleanup(RenderDevice const& renderDevice)
+{
+	if (!isInit()) return;
+
+	VkDevice const device = renderDevice.device;
+
+	vkDestroyCommandPool(device, Take(commandPool), nullptr);
+	vkDestroyFence(device, Take(frameReadyToReuse), nullptr);
+	vkDestroySemaphore(device, Take(imageAcquiredSemaphore), nullptr);
+	vkDestroySemaphore(device, Take(renderFinishedSemaphore), nullptr);
+}
+
+Frame::~Frame()
+{
+	// Manual Cleanup Required.
+	ASSERT(not isInit());
+}

Frame.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility>
+#include <volk.h>
+
+struct RenderDevice;
+
+struct Frame
+{
+	VkCommandPool commandPool;
+	VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
+	VkSemaphore imageAcquiredSemaphore;
+	VkSemaphore renderFinishedSemaphore;
+	VkFence frameReadyToReuse;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isInit() const;
+
+	Frame(VkDevice device, uint32_t directQueueFamilyIndex);
+
+	void cleanup(RenderDevice const& renderDevice);
+
+	~Frame();
+};
+

GlobalMemory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "GlobalMemory.h"
+
+#include <SDL3/SDL_log.h>
+
+void GlobalMemory::init(size_t const size)
+{
+	memory = new Byte[size];
+	capacity = size;
+	available = size;
+}
+
+void GlobalMemory::destroy()
+{
+	Byte const* originalMemory = memory - (capacity - available);
+	delete[] originalMemory;
+	memory = nullptr;
+	available = 0;
+	capacity = 0;
+}
+
+Byte* GlobalMemory::allocate(size_t const size)
+{
+	assert(size <= available && "No enough space available");
+
+	Byte* retVal = memory;
+	memory += size;
+	available -= size;
+	SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_SYSTEM, "ALLOC: %p -> %p (%llu) (avail: %llu)", reinterpret_cast<void*>(retVal), reinterpret_cast<void*>(memory), size, available);
+
+	return retVal;
+}
+
+Byte* GlobalMemory::allocate(size_t const size, size_t const alignment)
+{
+	uintptr_t const addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(memory);
+	uintptr_t const foundOffset = addr % alignment;
+
+	if (foundOffset == 0)
+	{
+		return allocate(size);
+	}
+
+	uintptr_t const offset = alignment - foundOffset;
+	size_t const allocationSize = size + offset;
+
+	return offset + allocate(allocationSize);
+}
+
+GlobalMemory::State GlobalMemory::getState() const
+{
+	SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_SYSTEM, "TEMP: %p %llu", reinterpret_cast<void*>(memory), available);
+	return {
+		.memory = memory,
+		.available = available,
+	};
+}
+
+void GlobalMemory::restoreState(State const& state)
+{
+	assert(memory >= state.memory);								//< Behind top of allocator
+	assert(memory - (capacity - available) <= state.memory);	//< Ahead of start of allocator
+	SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_SYSTEM, "RESTORE: %p %llu", reinterpret_cast<void*>(memory), available);
+	memory = state.memory;
+	available = state.available;
+}

GlobalMemory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "MacroUtils.h"
+
+using Byte = uint8_t;
+
+struct GlobalMemory
+{
+	struct State
+	{
+		Byte* memory;
+		size_t available;
+	};
+
+	Byte* memory;
+	size_t available;
+	size_t capacity;
+
+	void init(size_t const size);
+
+	void destroy();
+
+	Byte* allocate(size_t const size);
+
+	Byte* allocate(size_t const size, size_t const alignment);
+
+	// Do not do any permanent allocations after calling this.
+	[[nodiscard]] State getState() const;
+
+	// Call this before permanent allocations.
+	void restoreState(State const& state);
+};

MacroUtils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <utility>
+
+#define G_ASSERT(COND)				\
+do {								\
+	auto _result = (COND);			\
+	if (not _result) {				\
+		__debugbreak();				\
+		assert(_result && #COND);	\
+	}								\
+} while(false)
+
+#define ASSERT(COND) G_ASSERT(COND)
+
+#define VK_CHECK(RESULT)										\
+do {															\
+	auto _result = (RESULT);									\
+	if (_result != VK_SUCCESS) {								\
+		SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_SYSTEM,					\
+						"" #RESULT " failed with %d at %s:%d",	\
+						_result, __FILE__, __LINE__);			\
+						__debugbreak();							\
+		assert(_result == VK_SUCCESS);							\
+	}															\
+} while(false)
+
+#define Take(OBJ) std::exchange(OBJ, {})

MathUtil.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility>
+
+template <std::totally_ordered T>
+T Clamp(T const val, T const minVal, T const maxVal)
+{
+	return std::min(maxVal, std::max(val, minVal));
+}

MemoryUtils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <foonathan/memory/memory_arena.hpp>
+#include <foonathan/memory/memory_stack.hpp>
+#include <foonathan/memory/temporary_allocator.hpp>
+
+using global_allocator_t = foonathan::memory::memory_stack<foonathan::memory::virtual_block_allocator>;
+
+using subsystem_allocator_t = foonathan::memory::memory_stack<foonathan::memory::fixed_block_allocator<global_allocator_t>>;
+using temporary_allocator_t = foonathan::memory::temporary_allocator;

MiscData.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+#include "MiscData.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_log.h>
+
+#include "MacroUtils.h"
+#include "RenderDevice.h"
+
+
+void MiscData::init(RenderDevice const& renderDevice)
+{
+	VkDevice const device = renderDevice.device;
+	{
+		size_t dataSize;
+		void* rawData = SDL_LoadFile("Triangle.spv", &dataSize);
+		ASSERT(dataSize % 4 == 0);
+
+		if (not rawData)
+		{
+			SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_SYSTEM, "%s", SDL_GetError());
+			abort();
+		}
+
+		auto data = static_cast<uint32_t const*>(rawData);
+
+		VkShaderModuleCreateInfo const shaderModuleCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.codeSize = dataSize,
+			.pCode = data,
+		};
+
+		VkShaderModule shaderModule;
+		VK_CHECK(vkCreateShaderModule(device, &shaderModuleCreateInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule));
+
+		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo constexpr pipelineLayoutCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.setLayoutCount = 0,
+			.pSetLayouts = nullptr,
+			.pushConstantRangeCount = 0,
+			.pPushConstantRanges = nullptr,
+		};
+		VK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
+
+		std::array stages = {
+			VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo{
+				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+				.pNext = nullptr,
+				.flags = 0,
+				.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+				.module = shaderModule,
+				.pName = "VertexMain",
+				.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr,
+			},
+			VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo{
+				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+				.pNext = nullptr,
+				.flags = 0,
+				.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+				.module = shaderModule,
+				.pName = "FragmentMain",
+				.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr,
+			}
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo constexpr vertexInputState = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0,
+			.pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr,
+			.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0,
+			.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo constexpr inputAssembly = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
+			.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo constexpr tessellationState = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.patchControlPoints = 0,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo constexpr viewportState = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.viewportCount = 1,
+			.pViewports = nullptr,
+			.scissorCount = 1,
+			.pScissors = nullptr,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo constexpr rasterizationState = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.depthClampEnable = VK_TRUE,
+			.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
+			.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE,
+			.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
+			.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f,
+			.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f,
+			.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f,
+			.lineWidth = 1.0f,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo constexpr multisampleState = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+			.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.minSampleShading = 0.0f,
+			.pSampleMask = nullptr,
+			.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo constexpr depthStencilState = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.depthTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
+			.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.front = {},
+			.back = {},
+			.minDepthBounds = 0.0f,
+			.maxDepthBounds = 1.0f,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState constexpr colorBlendAttachmentState = {
+			.blendEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA,
+			.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
+			.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
+			.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
+			.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
+			.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
+			.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT
+							| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT
+							| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT
+							| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo const colorBlendState = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY,
+			.attachmentCount = 1,
+			.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachmentState,
+			.blendConstants = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
+		};
+
+		std::array constexpr dynamicStates = {
+			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
+			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo const dynamicStateCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamicStates.size()),
+			.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data()
+		};
+
+		VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfoKHR const renderingCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+			.colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+			.pColorAttachmentFormats = &renderDevice.swapchainFormat,
+		};
+
+		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const graphicsPipelineCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = &renderingCreateInfo,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.stageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(stages.size()),
+			.pStages = stages.data(),
+			.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputState,
+			.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly,
+			.pTessellationState = &tessellationState,
+			.pViewportState = &viewportState,
+			.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState,
+			.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState,
+			.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState,
+			.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState,
+			.pDynamicState = &dynamicStateCreateInfo,
+			.layout = pipelineLayout,
+			.renderPass = nullptr,
+			.subpass = 0,
+			.basePipelineHandle = nullptr,
+			.basePipelineIndex = 0,
+		};
+
+		VK_CHECK(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, nullptr, 1, &graphicsPipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &trianglePipeline));
+
+		vkDestroyShaderModule(device, shaderModule, nullptr);
+
+		SDL_free(rawData);
+	}
+
+	acquireToRenderBarrier = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+		.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+		.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+		.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+		.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+		.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+		.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+		.subresourceRange = {
+			.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+			.baseMipLevel = 0,
+			.levelCount = 1,
+			.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+			.layerCount = 1,
+		}
+	};
+	acquireToRenderDependency = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.dependencyFlags = 0,
+		.memoryBarrierCount = 0,
+		.pMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
+		.bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 0,
+		.pBufferMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
+		.imageMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
+		.pImageMemoryBarriers = &acquireToRenderBarrier,
+	};
+
+	renderToPresentBarrier = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+		.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+		.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
+		.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_NONE,
+		.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+		.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
+		.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+		.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+		.subresourceRange = {
+			.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+			.baseMipLevel = 0,
+			.levelCount = 1,
+			.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+			.layerCount = 1,
+		}
+	};
+	renderToPresentDependency = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
+		.pNext = nullptr,
+		.dependencyFlags = 0,
+		.memoryBarrierCount = 0,
+		.pMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
+		.bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 0,
+		.pBufferMemoryBarriers = nullptr,
+		.imageMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
+		.pImageMemoryBarriers = &renderToPresentBarrier,
+	};
+}
+
+void MiscData::cleanup(RenderDevice const& renderDevice)
+{
+	VkDevice const device = renderDevice.device;
+
+	vkDestroyPipeline(device, trianglePipeline, nullptr);
+	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+}

MiscData.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <volk.h>
+
+struct RenderDevice;
+
+struct MiscData
+{
+	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+	VkPipeline trianglePipeline;
+
+	VkImageMemoryBarrier2 acquireToRenderBarrier;
+	VkDependencyInfo acquireToRenderDependency;
+	VkImageMemoryBarrier2 renderToPresentBarrier;
+	VkDependencyInfo renderToPresentDependency;
+
+	void init(RenderDevice const& renderDevice);
+	void cleanup(RenderDevice const& renderDevice);
+};

RenderDevice.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+#include "RenderDevice.h"
+
+#include "MacroUtils.h"
+
+#include <SDL3/SDL_log.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+
+#include "Frame.h"
+#include "GlobalMemory.h"
+#include "MathUtil.h"
+
+RenderDevice::~RenderDevice()
+{
+	ASSERT(!isInit());
+}
+
+// TODO: Failure Handling
+RenderDevice* CreateRenderDevice(GlobalMemory* mem, RenderDevice::CreateInfo const& createInfo)
+{
+	ASSERT(createInfo.window);
+
+	volkInitialize();
+
+	VkInstance instance;
+	// Create Instance
+	{
+		VkApplicationInfo constexpr applicationInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.pApplicationName = "Test",
+			.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 1, 0),
+			.pEngineName = "Blaze",
+			.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 1, 0),
+			.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_3,
+		};
+
+		uint32_t instanceExtensionCount;
+		char const* const* instanceExtensions = SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(&instanceExtensionCount);
+
+		VkInstanceCreateInfo const instanceCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.pApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo,
+			.enabledLayerCount = 0,
+			.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr,
+			.enabledExtensionCount = instanceExtensionCount,
+			.ppEnabledExtensionNames = instanceExtensions,
+		};
+
+		VK_CHECK(vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, nullptr, &instance));
+		volkLoadInstance(instance);
+	}
+
+	VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+	// Create Surface
+	ASSERT(SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(createInfo.window, instance, nullptr, &surface));
+
+	VkPhysicalDevice physicalDeviceInUse = nullptr;
+	VkDevice device = nullptr;
+	VmaAllocator gpuAllocator = nullptr;
+	std::optional<uint32_t> directQueueFamilyIndex;
+	VkQueue directQueue = nullptr;
+	// Create Device and Queue
+	{
+		auto tempAllocStart = mem->getState();
+
+		uint32_t physicalDeviceCount;
+		VK_CHECK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physicalDeviceCount, nullptr));
+		SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "Found %u GPUs", physicalDeviceCount);
+
+		VkPhysicalDevice* physicalDevices = reinterpret_cast<VkPhysicalDevice*>(mem->allocate(sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice) * physicalDeviceCount));
+		VK_CHECK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physicalDeviceCount, physicalDevices));
+
+		for (VkPhysicalDevice const physicalDevice : std::span{ physicalDevices, physicalDeviceCount })
+		{
+			auto tempAllocQueueProperties = mem->getState();
+
+			VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &properties);
+
+			SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "GPU: %s", properties.deviceName);
+
+			SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "- API Version %d.%d.%d",
+				VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(properties.apiVersion),
+				VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(properties.apiVersion),
+				VK_API_VERSION_PATCH(properties.apiVersion));
+
+			constexpr static uint32_t API_PATCH_BITS = 0xFFF;
+			if ((properties.apiVersion & (~API_PATCH_BITS)) < VK_API_VERSION_1_3)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (properties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			uint32_t queueFamilyCount;
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
+			VkQueueFamilyProperties* queueFamilyProperties = reinterpret_cast<VkQueueFamilyProperties*>(mem->allocate(sizeof(VkQueueFamilyProperties) * queueFamilyCount));
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilyProperties);
+
+			for (uint32_t queueFamilyIndex = 0; queueFamilyIndex != queueFamilyCount;
+				++queueFamilyIndex)
+			{
+				VkQueueFamilyProperties const& qfp = queueFamilyProperties[queueFamilyIndex];
+
+				bool hasGraphicsSupport = false;
+				bool hasComputeSupport = false;
+				bool hasTransferSupport = false;
+				bool hasPresentSupport = false;
+
+				SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "- Queue [%d]", queueFamilyIndex);
+				if (qfp.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
+				{
+					hasGraphicsSupport = true;
+					SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "-- Graphic");
+				}
+				if (qfp.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT)
+				{
+					hasComputeSupport = true;
+					SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "-- Compute");
+				}
+				if (qfp.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT)
+				{
+					hasTransferSupport = true;
+					SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "-- Transfer");
+				}
+
+				VkBool32 isSurfaceSupported;
+				VK_CHECK(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physicalDevice, queueFamilyIndex, surface, &isSurfaceSupported));
+
+				if (isSurfaceSupported)
+				{
+					hasPresentSupport = true;
+					SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "-- Present");
+				}
+
+				if (hasGraphicsSupport and hasComputeSupport and hasTransferSupport and hasPresentSupport)
+				{
+					physicalDeviceInUse = physicalDevice;
+					directQueueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex;
+					break;
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			mem->restoreState(tempAllocQueueProperties);
+		}
+
+		ASSERT(physicalDeviceInUse);
+		ASSERT(directQueueFamilyIndex.has_value());
+
+		float priority = 1.0f;
+		VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = directQueueFamilyIndex.value(),
+			.queueCount = 1,
+			.pQueuePriorities = &priority,
+		};
+
+		VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features constexpr features13 = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.synchronization2 = true,
+			.dynamicRendering = true,
+		};
+
+		VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features = {
+			.depthClamp = true,
+			.samplerAnisotropy = true,
+		};
+
+		std::array enabledDeviceExtensions = {
+			VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
+		};
+
+		VkDeviceCreateInfo const deviceCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.pNext = &features13,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.queueCreateInfoCount = 1,
+			.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo,
+			.enabledLayerCount = 0,
+			.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr,
+			.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(enabledDeviceExtensions.size()),
+			.ppEnabledExtensionNames = enabledDeviceExtensions.data(),
+			.pEnabledFeatures = &features,
+		};
+
+		VK_CHECK(vkCreateDevice(physicalDeviceInUse, &deviceCreateInfo, nullptr, &device));
+		volkLoadDevice(device);
+
+		VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorCreateInfo = {
+			.flags = 0,
+			.physicalDevice = physicalDeviceInUse,
+			.device = device,
+			.preferredLargeHeapBlockSize = 0,
+			.pAllocationCallbacks = nullptr,
+			.pDeviceMemoryCallbacks = nullptr,
+			.pHeapSizeLimit = nullptr,
+			.pVulkanFunctions = nullptr,
+			.instance = instance,
+			.vulkanApiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_3,
+			.pTypeExternalMemoryHandleTypes = nullptr,
+		};
+
+		VmaVulkanFunctions vkFunctions;
+		VK_CHECK(vmaImportVulkanFunctionsFromVolk(&allocatorCreateInfo, &vkFunctions));
+		allocatorCreateInfo.pVulkanFunctions = &vkFunctions;
+
+		VK_CHECK(vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorCreateInfo, &gpuAllocator));
+
+		vkGetDeviceQueue(device, directQueueFamilyIndex.value(), 0, &directQueue);
+
+		mem->restoreState(tempAllocStart);
+	}
+
+	// Swapchain creation
+	VkExtent2D swapchainExtent = { createInfo.width, createInfo.height };
+	VkFormat swapchainFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+	VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
+	VkImage* swapchainImages;
+	VkImageView* swapchainViews;
+	uint32_t swapchainImageCount;
+	{
+		auto tempAllocStart = mem->getState();
+
+		VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+		VK_CHECK(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &capabilities));
+
+		// Image Count Calculation
+		swapchainImageCount = 3;
+		if (capabilities.maxImageCount > 0)
+		{
+			swapchainImageCount = std::min(swapchainImageCount, capabilities.maxImageCount);
+		}
+		swapchainImageCount = std::max(swapchainImageCount, capabilities.minImageCount + 1);
+
+		// Image Size calculation
+		{
+			auto [minWidth, minHeight] = capabilities.minImageExtent;
+			auto [maxWidth, maxHeight] = capabilities.maxImageExtent;
+			swapchainExtent.width = Clamp(swapchainExtent.width, minWidth, maxWidth);
+			swapchainExtent.height = Clamp(swapchainExtent.height, minHeight, maxHeight);
+		}
+
+		uint32_t surfaceFormatCount;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &surfaceFormatCount, nullptr);
+		VkSurfaceFormatKHR* surfaceFormats = reinterpret_cast<VkSurfaceFormatKHR*>(mem->allocate(sizeof(VkSurfaceFormatKHR*) * surfaceFormatCount));
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &surfaceFormatCount, surfaceFormats);
+
+		VkSurfaceFormatKHR format = {
+			.format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
+			.colorSpace = VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR,
+		};
+		for (auto& surfaceFormat : std::span{ surfaceFormats, surfaceFormatCount })
+		{
+			if (surfaceFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)
+			{
+				SDL_LogInfo(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_GPU, "Color Space SRGB Found %d", surfaceFormat.format);
+				if (surfaceFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB) {
+					format = surfaceFormat;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (surfaceFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB) {
+					format = surfaceFormat;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (surfaceFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM) {
+					format = surfaceFormat;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		ASSERT(format.format != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED);
+		swapchainFormat = format.format;
+
+		uint32_t presentModeCount;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
+		VkPresentModeKHR* presentModes = reinterpret_cast<VkPresentModeKHR*>(mem->allocate(sizeof(VkPresentModeKHR*) * presentModeCount));
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDeviceInUse, surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes);
+
+		VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+		for (VkPresentModeKHR presentModeIter : std::span{ presentModes, presentModeCount })
+		{
+			if (presentModeIter == VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR)
+			{
+				presentMode = presentModeIter;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (presentModeIter == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR)
+			{
+				presentMode = presentModeIter;
+			}
+		}
+
+		mem->restoreState(tempAllocStart);
+
+		VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR const swapchainCreateInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+			.pNext = nullptr,
+			.flags = 0,
+			.surface = surface,
+			.minImageCount = swapchainImageCount,
+			.imageFormat = format.format,
+			.imageColorSpace = format.colorSpace,
+			.imageExtent = swapchainExtent,
+			.imageArrayLayers = 1,
+			.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+			.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+			.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
+			.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
+			.preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR,
+			.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
+			.presentMode = presentMode,
+			.clipped = false,
+			.oldSwapchain = nullptr,
+		};
+
+		VK_CHECK(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &swapchainCreateInfo, nullptr, &swapchain));
+
+		swapchainImageCount = 0;
+		vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &swapchainImageCount, nullptr);
+		swapchainImages = reinterpret_cast<VkImage*>(mem->allocate(sizeof(VkImage) * swapchainImageCount));
+		vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &swapchainImageCount, swapchainImages);
+
+		swapchainViews = reinterpret_cast<VkImageView*>(mem->allocate(sizeof(VkImageView) * swapchainImageCount));
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i != swapchainImageCount; ++i) {
+			VkImageViewCreateInfo const viewCreateInfo = {
+				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+				.pNext = nullptr,
+				.flags = 0,
+				.image = swapchainImages[i],
+				.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+				.format = format.format,
+				.components = {
+					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY
+				},
+				.subresourceRange = {
+					.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+					.baseMipLevel = 0,
+					.levelCount = 1,
+					.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+					.layerCount = 1,
+				}
+			};
+
+			VK_CHECK(vkCreateImageView(device, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &swapchainViews[i]));
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Init frames.
+
+	Frame* frames = reinterpret_cast<Frame*>(mem->allocate(sizeof(Frame) * swapchainImageCount));
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i != swapchainImageCount; ++i)
+	{
+		new (frames + i) Frame(device, directQueueFamilyIndex.value());
+	}
+
+	Byte* allocation = mem->allocate(sizeof(RenderDevice), alignof(RenderDevice));
+	return new (allocation) RenderDevice{
+		instance, surface, physicalDeviceInUse,
+		device, gpuAllocator, directQueue, directQueueFamilyIndex.value(),
+		swapchainFormat, swapchainExtent, swapchain, swapchainImages, swapchainViews, frames, swapchainImageCount,
+	};
+}
+
+inline bool RenderDevice::isInit() const
+{
+	return instance and device;
+}
+
+void RenderDevice::cleanup()
+{
+	if (not isInit())
+		return;
+
+	for (Frame& frame : std::span{ frames, swapchainImageCount })
+	{
+		frame.cleanup(*this);
+	}
+
+	for (auto const& view : std::span{ swapchainViews, swapchainImageCount })
+	{
+		vkDestroyImageView(device, view, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, Take(swapchain), nullptr);
+
+	vkDestroyDevice(Take(device), nullptr);
+
+	SDL_Vulkan_DestroySurface(instance, Take(surface), nullptr);
+
+	vkDestroyInstance(Take(instance), nullptr);
+
+	volkFinalize();
+}
+
+void RenderDevice::waitIdle() const
+{
+	VK_CHECK(vkDeviceWaitIdle(device));
+}
+
+uint32_t RenderDevice::getNumFrames() const
+{
+	return swapchainImageCount;
+}
+
+RenderDevice::RenderDevice(VkInstance const instance, VkSurfaceKHR const surface, VkPhysicalDevice const physicalDeviceInUse,
+	VkDevice const device, VmaAllocator gpuAllocator, VkQueue const directQueue, uint32_t const directQueueFamilyIndex,
+	VkFormat const swapchainFormat, VkExtent2D const swapchainExtent, VkSwapchainKHR const swapchain, VkImage* swapchainImages,
+	VkImageView* swapchainViews, Frame* frames, uint32_t const swapchainImageCount)
+	: instance{ instance }
+	, surface{ surface }
+	, physicalDeviceInUse{ physicalDeviceInUse }
+	, device{ device }
+	, gpuAllocator{ gpuAllocator }
+	, directQueue{ directQueue }
+	, directQueueFamilyIndex{ directQueueFamilyIndex }
+	, swapchainFormat{ swapchainFormat }
+	, swapchainExtent{ swapchainExtent }
+	, swapchain{ swapchain }
+	, swapchainImages{ swapchainImages }
+	, swapchainViews{ swapchainViews }
+	, frames{ frames }
+	, swapchainImageCount{ swapchainImageCount }
+{
+}

RenderDevice.h

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <volk.h>
+
+#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0
+#define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0
+#include <vma/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+#include <SDL3/SDL_video.h>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_vulkan.h>
+
+struct GlobalMemory;
+struct Frame;
+
+/// The Rendering backend abstraction
+///	If this fails to initialize, we crash
+///
+///	TODO: Fail elegantly.
+struct RenderDevice
+{
+	struct CreateInfo
+	{
+		SDL_Window* window = nullptr;
+		uint32_t width = 640;
+		uint32_t height = 480;
+	};
+
+	VkInstance instance;
+	VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+	VkPhysicalDevice physicalDeviceInUse;
+
+	VkDevice device;
+	VmaAllocator gpuAllocator;
+	VkQueue directQueue;
+	uint32_t directQueueFamilyIndex;
+
+	VkFormat swapchainFormat;
+	VkExtent2D swapchainExtent;
+	VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
+	VkImage* swapchainImages;
+	VkImageView* swapchainViews;
+	Frame* frames;
+	uint32_t swapchainImageCount;
+	uint32_t frameIndex = 0;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isInit() const;
+	void cleanup();
+	void waitIdle() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] uint32_t getNumFrames() const;
+
+	RenderDevice(
+		VkInstance instance,
+		VkSurfaceKHR surface,
+		VkPhysicalDevice physicalDeviceInUse,
+		VkDevice device,
+		VmaAllocator gpuAllocator,
+		VkQueue directQueue,
+		uint32_t directQueueFamilyIndex,
+		// TODO: Pack?
+
+		VkFormat swapchainFormat,
+		VkExtent2D swapchainExtent,
+		VkSwapchainKHR swapchain,
+
+		VkImage* swapchainImages,
+		VkImageView* swapchainViews,
+		Frame* frames,
+		uint32_t swapchainImageCount
+	);
+
+	RenderDevice(RenderDevice const&) = delete;
+	RenderDevice& operator=(RenderDevice const&) = delete;
+
+	RenderDevice(RenderDevice&&) noexcept = delete;
+	RenderDevice& operator=(RenderDevice&&) noexcept = delete;
+
+	~RenderDevice();
+};
+
+RenderDevice* CreateRenderDevice(GlobalMemory* mem, RenderDevice::CreateInfo const& createInfo);

VmaImpl.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <volk.h>
+
+#pragma warning(push, 1)
+#pragma warning(disable : 5045)
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include <vma/vk_mem_alloc.h>
+#pragma warning(pop)

vcpkg.json

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
   "dependencies": [
-    "fmt",
     "volk",
     "shader-slang",
+    "vulkan-memory-allocator",
     {
       "name": "sdl3",
       "features": [ "vulkan" ]