[WIP] Moving to example 2.

aster/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ set(HEADER_FILES
         physical_device.h
         device.h
         swapchain.h
-        "pipeline.h")
+        pipeline.h
+        queue_allocation.h
+        buffer.h)
 
 set(SOURCE_FILES
         logger.cpp
@@ -30,16 +32,17 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
         physical_device.cpp
         device.cpp
         swapchain.cpp
-        pipeline.cpp)
+        pipeline.cpp
+        buffer.cpp)
 
 add_library(aster_core STATIC ${SOURCE_FILES} ${HEADER_FILES})
 set_property(TARGET aster_core PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 20)
 
 target_precompile_headers(aster_core PUBLIC global.h)
 
-target_include_directories(aster_core PUBLIC ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})
+target_include_directories(aster_core PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
 
-target_link_libraries(aster_core PUBLIC glm::glm-header-only)
+target_link_libraries(aster_core PUBLIC glm::glm)
 target_link_libraries(aster_core PRIVATE glfw)
 target_include_directories(aster_core PRIVATE ${SCOTTT_DEBUGBREAK_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 target_link_libraries(aster_core PRIVATE fmt::fmt)

aster/buffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: buffer.cpp
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+
+#include "device.h"
+Buffer::Buffer(const Device *device, const usize size, const vk::BufferUsageFlags usage, NameString &&name)
+    : m_Device(device)
+    , m_Allocation(nullptr)
+    , m_Size(0)
+    , m_Name(std::move(name))
+{
+    const VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo = vk::BufferCreateInfo{
+        .size = size,
+        .usage = usage,
+        .sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive,
+    };
+
+    constexpr VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocationCreateInfo = {.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO};
+
+    VkBuffer buffer;
+    vk::Result result = Cast<vk::Result>(vmaCreateBuffer(m_Device->m_Allocator, &bufferCreateInfo,
+                                                         &allocationCreateInfo, &buffer, &m_Allocation, nullptr));
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Could not create buffer. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+    m_Buffer = buffer;
+
+    m_Device->SetName(m_Buffer, m_Name.c_str());
+}
+
+Buffer::~Buffer()
+{
+    vmaDestroyBuffer(m_Device->m_Allocator, m_Buffer, m_Allocation);
+}

aster/buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: buffer.h
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "global.h"
+
+struct Device;
+
+struct Buffer
+{
+    const Device *m_Device{};
+    vk::Buffer m_Buffer{};
+    VmaAllocation m_Allocation{};
+    usize m_Size{};
+    NameString m_Name;
+
+    Buffer(const Device *device, usize size, vk::BufferUsageFlags usage, NameString &&name);
+    ~Buffer();
+};

aster/device.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "context.h"
 #include "physical_device.h"
+#include "queue_allocation.h"
 
 #include <EASTL/array.h>
 #include <EASTL/fixed_vector.h>

aster/device.h

@@ -9,15 +9,10 @@
 
 #include <EASTL/vector.h>
 
+struct QueueAllocation;
 struct Context;
 struct PhysicalDevice;
 
-struct QueueAllocation
-{
-    u32 m_Family;
-    u32 m_Count;
-};
-
 struct Features
 {
     vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures m_Vulkan10Features;

aster/queue_allocation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: queue_allocation.h
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "global.h"
+
+struct QueueAllocation
+{
+    u32 m_Family;
+    u32 m_Count;
+};

samples/00_util/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# CMakeList.txt ; CMake project for Triangle
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+add_library(util_helper STATIC helpers.h helpers.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(util_helper PRIVATE aster_core)
+target_include_directories(util_helper PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})

samples/00_util/helpers.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: helpers.cpp
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#include "helpers.h"
+
+#include "device.h"
+#include "physical_device.h"
+
+#include <EASTL/array.h>
+
+constexpr QueueSupportFlags REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT = QueueSupportFlags{} | QueueSupportFlagBits::eGraphics |
+                                                     QueueSupportFlagBits::eCompute | QueueSupportFlagBits::ePresent |
+                                                     QueueSupportFlagBits::eTransfer;
+
+bool
+IsSuitableDevice(const PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice)
+{
+    const bool hasAllRequiredQueues =
+        std::ranges::any_of(physicalDevice->m_QueueFamilies, [](const auto &queueFamilyProp) {
+            return (queueFamilyProp.m_Support & REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT) == REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT;
+        });
+
+    const bool isNotCpu = physicalDevice->m_DeviceProperties.deviceType != vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eCpu;
+
+    const bool hasPresentMode = !physicalDevice->m_PresentModes.empty();
+
+    const bool hasSurfaceFormat = !physicalDevice->m_SurfaceFormats.empty();
+
+    return hasSurfaceFormat && hasPresentMode && isNotCpu && hasAllRequiredQueues;
+}
+
+PhysicalDevice
+FindSuitableDevice(const PhysicalDevices &physicalDevices)
+{
+    for (auto &physicalDevice : physicalDevices)
+    {
+        if (IsSuitableDevice(&physicalDevice))
+        {
+            return physicalDevice;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ERROR("No suitable GPU available on the system.")
+    THEN_ABORT(vk::Result::eErrorUnknown);
+}
+
+QueueAllocation
+FindAppropriateQueueAllocation(const PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice)
+{
+    for (auto &queueFamilyInfo : physicalDevice->m_QueueFamilies)
+    {
+        if ((queueFamilyInfo.m_Support & REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT) == REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT)
+        {
+            return {
+                .m_Family = queueFamilyInfo.m_Index,
+                .m_Count = queueFamilyInfo.m_Count,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    ERROR("No suitable queue family on the GPU.")
+    THEN_ABORT(vk::Result::eErrorUnknown);
+}
+
+eastl::vector<u32>
+ReadFile(cstr fileName)
+{
+    FILE *filePtr = fopen(fileName, "rb");
+
+    if (!filePtr)
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid read of {}", fileName) THEN_ABORT(-1);
+    }
+
+    eastl::vector<u32> outputVec;
+    eastl::array<u32, 1024> buffer{};
+    usize totalRead = 0;
+    usize readCount;
+    do
+    {
+        readCount = fread(buffer.data(), sizeof(u32), buffer.size(), filePtr);
+        const auto nextSize = totalRead + readCount;
+        outputVec.resize(nextSize);
+        memcpy(outputVec.data() + totalRead, buffer.data(), readCount * sizeof *buffer.data());
+        totalRead = nextSize;
+    } while (readCount == 1024);
+
+    return outputVec;
+}

samples/00_util/helpers.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: helpers.h
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "global.h"
+
+#include "queue_allocation.h"
+#include <EASTL/vector.h>
+
+struct PhysicalDevice;
+class PhysicalDevices;
+
+PhysicalDevice FindSuitableDevice(const PhysicalDevices &physicalDevices);
+QueueAllocation FindAppropriateQueueAllocation(const PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice);
+eastl::vector<u32> ReadFile(cstr fileName);

samples/01_triangle/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
 
 add_executable(triangle "triangle.cpp")
-add_dependencies(triangle aster_core)
-
 add_shader(triangle shader/triangle.vs.hlsl)
-add_shader(triangle shader/white.frag.glsl)
+add_shader(triangle shader/triangle.frag.glsl)
 
 target_link_libraries(triangle PRIVATE aster_core)
+target_link_libraries(triangle PRIVATE util_helper)

samples/01_triangle/triangle.cpp

@@ -3,27 +3,25 @@
 //  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
 // =============================================
 
-#include "aster/constants.h"
-#include "aster/context.h"
-#include "aster/device.h"
-#include "aster/physical_device.h"
-#include "aster/window.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "context.h"
+#include "device.h"
+#include "global.h"
+#include "physical_device.h"
+#include "pipeline.h"
+#include "swapchain.h"
+#include "window.h"
 
-#include "aster/global.h"
-#include "aster/pipeline.h"
-#include "aster/swapchain.h"
+#include "helpers.h"
 
 #include <EASTL/array.h>
 
 constexpr u32 MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 3;
 constexpr auto VERTEX_SHADER_FILE = "shader/triangle.vs.hlsl.spv";
-constexpr auto FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE = "shader/white.frag.glsl.spv";
+constexpr auto FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE = "shader/triangle.frag.glsl.spv";
 
-bool IsSuitableDevice(const PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice);
-PhysicalDevice FindSuitableDevice(const PhysicalDevices &physicalDevices);
-QueueAllocation FindAppropriateQueueAllocation(const PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice);
-eastl::vector<u32> ReadFile(cstr fileName);
 vk::ShaderModule CreateShader(const Device *device, cstr shaderFile);
+Pipeline CreatePipeline(const Device *device, const Swapchain *swapchain);
 
 struct Frame
 {
@@ -39,15 +37,6 @@ struct Frame
     [[nodiscard]] vk::CommandBuffer AllocateCommandBuffer() const;
 };
 
-struct Shader
-{
-    vk::ShaderModule m_ShaderModule;
-    vk::ShaderStageFlags m_Stage;
-};
-
-Pipeline
-CreatePipeline(const Device *device, const Swapchain *swapchain, cstr vertexShaderFile, cstr fragmentShaderFile);
-
 int
 main(int, char **)
 {
@@ -69,7 +58,7 @@ main(int, char **)
 
     Swapchain swapchain = {&window, &device, "Primary Chain"};
 
-    Pipeline pipeline = CreatePipeline(&device, &swapchain, VERTEX_SHADER_FILE, FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE);
+    Pipeline pipeline = CreatePipeline(&device, &swapchain);
 
     // Persistent variables
     vk::Viewport viewport = {
@@ -259,68 +248,6 @@ main(int, char **)
     return 0;
 }
 
-constexpr QueueSupportFlags REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT = QueueSupportFlags{} | QueueSupportFlagBits::eGraphics |
-                                                     QueueSupportFlagBits::eCompute | QueueSupportFlagBits::ePresent |
-                                                     QueueSupportFlagBits::eTransfer;
-
-PhysicalDevice
-FindSuitableDevice(const PhysicalDevices &physicalDevices)
-{
-    for (auto &physicalDevice : physicalDevices)
-    {
-        if (IsSuitableDevice(&physicalDevice))
-        {
-            return physicalDevice;
-        }
-    }
-
-    ERROR("No suitable GPU available on the system.")
-    THEN_ABORT(vk::Result::eErrorUnknown);
-}
-
-QueueAllocation
-FindAppropriateQueueAllocation(const PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice)
-{
-    for (auto &queueFamilyInfo : physicalDevice->m_QueueFamilies)
-    {
-        if ((queueFamilyInfo.m_Support & REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT) == REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT)
-        {
-            return {
-                .m_Family = queueFamilyInfo.m_Index,
-                .m_Count = queueFamilyInfo.m_Count,
-            };
-        }
-    }
-    ERROR("No suitable queue family on the GPU.")
-    THEN_ABORT(vk::Result::eErrorUnknown);
-}
-
-eastl::vector<u32>
-ReadFile(cstr fileName)
-{
-    FILE *filePtr = fopen(fileName, "rb");
-
-    if (!filePtr)
-    {
-        ERROR("Invalid read of {}", fileName) THEN_ABORT(-1);
-    }
-
-    eastl::vector<u32> outputVec;
-    eastl::array<u32, 1024> buffer{};
-    usize totalRead = 0;
-    usize readCount;
-    do
-    {
-        readCount = fread(buffer.data(), sizeof(u32), buffer.size(), filePtr);
-        const auto nextSize = totalRead + readCount;
-        outputVec.resize(nextSize);
-        memcpy(outputVec.data() + totalRead, buffer.data(), readCount * sizeof *buffer.data());
-        totalRead = nextSize;
-    } while (readCount == 1024);
-
-    return outputVec;
-}
-
 Frame::Frame(const Device *device, const u32 queueFamilyIndex, const u32 frameCount)
 {
     m_Device = device;
@@ -363,11 +290,11 @@ Frame::AllocateCommandBuffer() const
     return commandBuffer;
 }
 Pipeline
-CreatePipeline(const Device *device, const Swapchain *swapchain, cstr vertexShaderFile, cstr fragmentShaderFile)
+CreatePipeline(const Device *device, const Swapchain *swapchain)
 {
     // Pipeline Setup
-    auto vertexShaderModule = CreateShader(device, vertexShaderFile);
-    auto fragmentShaderModule = CreateShader(device, fragmentShaderFile);
+    auto vertexShaderModule = CreateShader(device, VERTEX_SHADER_FILE);
+    auto fragmentShaderModule = CreateShader(device, FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE);
 
     eastl::array<vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages = {{
         {
@@ -511,20 +438,3 @@ Frame::~Frame()
 
     DEBUG("Destoryed Frame");
 }
-
-bool
-IsSuitableDevice(const PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice)
-{
-    const bool hasAllRequiredQueues =
-        std::ranges::any_of(physicalDevice->m_QueueFamilies, [](const auto &queueFamilyProp) {
-            return (queueFamilyProp.m_Support & REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT) == REQUIRED_QUEUE_SUPPORT;
-        });
-
-    const bool isNotCpu = physicalDevice->m_DeviceProperties.deviceType != vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eCpu;
-
-    const bool hasPresentMode = !physicalDevice->m_PresentModes.empty();
-
-    const bool hasSurfaceFormat = !physicalDevice->m_SurfaceFormats.empty();
-
-    return hasSurfaceFormat && hasPresentMode && isNotCpu && hasAllRequiredQueues;
-}

samples/02_box/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# CMakeList.txt ; CMake project for box
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+add_executable(box
+        box.cpp
+        camera.h
+        camera.cpp)
+add_shader(box shader/box.vs.hlsl)
+add_shader(box shader/box.ps.hlsl)
+
+target_link_libraries(box PRIVATE aster_core)
+target_link_libraries(box PRIVATE util_helper)

samples/02_box/box.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: box.cpp
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#include "../../aster/buffer.h"
+#include "../../aster/constants.h"
+#include "../../aster/context.h"
+#include "../../aster/device.h"
+#include "../../aster/physical_device.h"
+#include "../../aster/window.h"
+#include "camera.h"
+
+#include "../../aster/global.h"
+#include "../../aster/pipeline.h"
+#include "../../aster/swapchain.h"
+
+#include "helpers.h"
+
+#include <EASTL/array.h>
+
+constexpr u32 MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 3;
+constexpr auto VERTEX_SHADER_FILE = "shader/box.vs.hlsl.spv";
+constexpr auto FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE = "shader/box.ps.hlsl.spv";
+
+vk::ShaderModule CreateShader(const Device *device, cstr shaderFile);
+Pipeline CreatePipeline(const Device *device, const Swapchain *swapchain);
+
+struct Frame
+{
+    const Device *m_Device;
+    vk::CommandPool m_Pool;
+    vk::Fence m_FrameAvailableFence;
+    vk::Semaphore m_ImageAcquireSem;
+    vk::Semaphore m_RenderFinishSem;
+
+    Frame(const Device *device, u32 queueFamilyIndex, u32 frameCount);
+    ~Frame();
+
+    [[nodiscard]] vk::CommandBuffer AllocateCommandBuffer() const;
+};
+
+int
+main(int, char **)
+{
+    MIN_LOG_LEVEL(Logger::LogType::eInfo);
+
+    Context context = {"Triangle", VERSION};
+    Window window = {"Triangle (Aster)", &context, {640, 480}};
+
+    PhysicalDevices physicalDevices = {&window, &context};
+    PhysicalDevice deviceToUse = FindSuitableDevice(physicalDevices);
+
+    INFO("Using {} as the primary device.", deviceToUse.m_DeviceProperties.deviceName.data());
+
+    Features enabledDeviceFeatures = {.m_Vulkan13Features = {.dynamicRendering = vk::True}};
+    QueueAllocation queueAllocation = FindAppropriateQueueAllocation(&deviceToUse);
+    Device device = {&context, &deviceToUse, &enabledDeviceFeatures, {queueAllocation}, "Primary Device"};
+
+    vk::Queue commandQueue = device.GetQueue(queueAllocation.m_Family, 1);
+
+    Swapchain swapchain = {&window, &device, "Primary Chain"};
+
+    Pipeline pipeline = CreatePipeline(&device, &swapchain);
+
+    Camera camera = {
+        {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
+        {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},
+        70.0_deg,
+        Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.width / swapchain.m_Extent.height),
+    };
+
+    // Persistent variables
+    vk::Viewport viewport = {
+        .x = 0,
+        .y = Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.height),
+        .width = Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.width),
+        .height = -Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.height),
+        .minDepth = 0.0,
+        .maxDepth = 1.0,
+    };
+
+    vk::Rect2D scissor = {
+        .offset = {0, 0},
+        .extent = swapchain.m_Extent,
+    };
+
+    vk::ImageMemoryBarrier topOfThePipeBarrier = {
+        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = queueAllocation.m_Family,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = queueAllocation.m_Family,
+        .subresourceRange =
+            {
+                .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+                .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                .levelCount = 1,
+                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                .layerCount = 1,
+            },
+    };
+    vk::ImageMemoryBarrier renderToPresentBarrier = {
+        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
+        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = queueAllocation.m_Family,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = queueAllocation.m_Family,
+        .subresourceRange =
+            {
+                .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+                .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                .levelCount = 1,
+                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                .layerCount = 1,
+            },
+    };
+
+    // Per-frame data
+    eastl::fixed_vector<Buffer, MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT> buffers;
+
+    // Frames
+    eastl::fixed_vector<Frame, MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT> frames;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; ++i)
+    {
+        // TODO FIX: This section can cause dangling pointers due to copy/bad moves.
+        buffers.emplace_back(&device, sizeof camera, vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eUniformBuffer, "Camera Uniform");
+        frames.emplace_back(&device, queueAllocation.m_Family, i);
+    }
+
+    u32 frameIndex = 0;
+    while (window.Poll())
+    {
+        Frame *currentFrame = &frames[frameIndex];
+
+        auto result = device.m_Device.waitForFences(1, &currentFrame->m_FrameAvailableFence, vk::True, MaxValue<u64>);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Waiting for fence {} failed. Cause: {}", frameIndex, result)
+        THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        u32 imageIndex;
+        result = device.m_Device.acquireNextImageKHR(swapchain.m_Swapchain, MaxValue<u64>,
+                                                     currentFrame->m_ImageAcquireSem, nullptr, &imageIndex);
+        if (Failed(result))
+        {
+            switch (result)
+            {
+            case vk::Result::eErrorOutOfDateKHR:
+            case vk::Result::eSuboptimalKHR:
+                INFO("Recreating Swapchain. Cause: {}", result);
+                swapchain.Create(&window);
+                viewport.y = Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.height);
+                viewport.width = Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.width);
+                viewport.height = -Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.height);
+                scissor.extent = swapchain.m_Extent;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ERROR("Waiting for swapchain image {} failed. Cause: {}", frameIndex, result)
+                THEN_ABORT(result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        result = device.m_Device.resetFences(1, &currentFrame->m_FrameAvailableFence);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Fence {} reset failed. Cause: {}", frameIndex, result)
+        THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        result = device.m_Device.resetCommandPool(currentFrame->m_Pool, {});
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Command pool {} reset failed. Cause: {}", frameIndex, result)
+        THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        vk::ImageView currentImageView = swapchain.m_ImageViews[imageIndex];
+        vk::Image currentImage = swapchain.m_Images[imageIndex];
+        vk::CommandBuffer cmd = currentFrame->AllocateCommandBuffer();
+
+        topOfThePipeBarrier.image = currentImage;
+        renderToPresentBarrier.image = currentImage;
+
+        vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {.flags = vk::CommandBufferUsageFlagBits::eOneTimeSubmit};
+        result = cmd.begin(&beginInfo);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Command buffer begin failed. Cause: {}", result)
+        THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        cmd.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTopOfPipe, vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput,
+                            {}, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &topOfThePipeBarrier);
+
+        // Render
+        vk::RenderingAttachmentInfo attachmentInfo = {
+            .imageView = currentImageView,
+            .imageLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
+            .resolveMode = vk::ResolveModeFlagBits::eNone,
+            .loadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear,
+            .storeOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore,
+            .clearValue = vk::ClearColorValue{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},
+        };
+
+        vk::RenderingInfo renderingInfo = {
+            .renderArea = {.extent = swapchain.m_Extent},
+            .layerCount = 1,
+            .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+            .pColorAttachments = &attachmentInfo,
+        };
+
+        cmd.beginRendering(&renderingInfo);
+
+        cmd.setViewport(0, 1, &viewport);
+        cmd.setScissor(0, 1, &scissor);
+        cmd.bindPipeline(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, pipeline.m_Pipeline);
+        cmd.draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+
+        cmd.endRendering();
+
+        cmd.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput, vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eBottomOfPipe,
+                            {}, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &renderToPresentBarrier);
+
+        result = cmd.end();
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Command buffer end failed. Cause: {}", result)
+        THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        vk::PipelineStageFlags waitDstStage = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput;
+        vk::SubmitInfo submitInfo = {
+            .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+            .pWaitSemaphores = &currentFrame->m_ImageAcquireSem,
+            .pWaitDstStageMask = &waitDstStage,
+            .commandBufferCount = 1,
+            .pCommandBuffers = &cmd,
+            .signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
+            .pSignalSemaphores = &currentFrame->m_RenderFinishSem,
+        };
+        result = commandQueue.submit(1, &submitInfo, currentFrame->m_FrameAvailableFence);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Command queue submit failed. Cause: {}", result)
+        THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        vk::PresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {
+            .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+            .pWaitSemaphores = &currentFrame->m_RenderFinishSem,
+            .swapchainCount = 1,
+            .pSwapchains = &swapchain.m_Swapchain,
+            .pImageIndices = &imageIndex,
+            .pResults = nullptr,
+        };
+        result = commandQueue.presentKHR(&presentInfo);
+        if (Failed(result))
+        {
+            switch (result)
+            {
+            case vk::Result::eErrorOutOfDateKHR:
+            case vk::Result::eSuboptimalKHR:
+                INFO("Recreating Swapchain. Cause: {}", result);
+                swapchain.Create(&window);
+                viewport.y = Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.height);
+                viewport.width = Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.width);
+                viewport.height = -Cast<f32>(swapchain.m_Extent.height);
+                scissor.extent = swapchain.m_Extent;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ERROR("Command queue present failed. Cause: {}", result)
+                THEN_ABORT(result);
+            }
+        }
+        frameIndex = (frameIndex + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
+    }
+
+    auto result = device.m_Device.waitIdle();
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Wait idle failed. Cause: {}", result);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Frame::Frame(const Device *device, const u32 queueFamilyIndex, const u32 frameCount)
+{
+    m_Device = device;
+
+    const vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo commandPoolCreateInfo = {
+        .flags = vk::CommandPoolCreateFlagBits::eTransient,
+        .queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex,
+    };
+    vk::Result result = device->m_Device.createCommandPool(&commandPoolCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_Pool);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Could not command pool for frame {}. Cause: {}", frameCount, result)
+    THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+    constexpr vk::FenceCreateInfo fenceCreateInfo = {.flags = vk::FenceCreateFlagBits::eSignaled};
+    result = device->m_Device.createFence(&fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_FrameAvailableFence);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Could not create a fence for frame {}. Cause: {}", frameCount, result)
+    THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+    constexpr vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreCreateInfo = {};
+    result = device->m_Device.createSemaphore(&semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_ImageAcquireSem);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Could not create IA semaphore for frame {}. Cause: {}", frameCount, result)
+    THEN_ABORT(result);
+    result = device->m_Device.createSemaphore(&semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &m_RenderFinishSem);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Could not create RF semaphore for frame {}. Cause: {}", frameCount, result)
+    THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+    DEBUG("Frame {} created successfully.", frameCount);
+}
+
+vk::CommandBuffer
+Frame::AllocateCommandBuffer() const
+{
+    const vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo allocateInfo = {
+        .commandPool = m_Pool, .level = vk::CommandBufferLevel::ePrimary, .commandBufferCount = 1};
+
+    vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer;
+    vk::Result result = m_Device->m_Device.allocateCommandBuffers(&allocateInfo, &commandBuffer);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Command buffer allocation failed. Cause: {}", result)
+    THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+    return commandBuffer;
+}
+Pipeline
+CreatePipeline(const Device *device, const Swapchain *swapchain)
+{
+    // Pipeline Setup
+    auto vertexShaderModule = CreateShader(device, VERTEX_SHADER_FILE);
+    auto fragmentShaderModule = CreateShader(device, FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE);
+
+    eastl::array<vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages = {{
+        {
+            .stage = vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eVertex,
+            .module = vertexShaderModule,
+            .pName = "main",
+        },
+        {
+            .stage = vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment,
+            .module = fragmentShaderModule,
+            .pName = "main",
+        },
+    }};
+
+    vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutCreateInfo = {
+        .setLayoutCount = 0,
+        .pSetLayouts = nullptr,
+        .pushConstantRangeCount = 0,
+        .pPushConstantRanges = nullptr,
+    };
+    vk::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+    vk::Result result = device->m_Device.createPipelineLayout(&pipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Could not create a pipeline layout. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result);
+    device->SetName(pipelineLayout, "Triangle Layout");
+
+    vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputStateCreateInfo = {
+        .vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0,
+        .pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr,
+        .vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0,
+        .pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr,
+    };
+    vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyStateCreateInfo = {
+        .topology = vk::PrimitiveTopology::eTriangleList,
+        .primitiveRestartEnable = vk::False,
+    };
+
+    vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportStateCreateInfo = {
+        .viewportCount = 1,
+        .scissorCount = 1,
+    };
+
+    vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationStateCreateInfo = {
+        .depthClampEnable = vk::False,
+        .rasterizerDiscardEnable = vk::False,
+        .polygonMode = vk::PolygonMode::eFill,
+        .cullMode = vk::CullModeFlagBits::eNone,
+        .frontFace = vk::FrontFace::eCounterClockwise,
+        .depthBiasEnable = vk::False,
+        .lineWidth = 1.0,
+    };
+    vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleStateCreateInfo = {
+        .rasterizationSamples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1,
+        .sampleShadingEnable = vk::False,
+    };
+    vk::PipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilStateCreateInfo = {
+        .depthTestEnable = vk::False,
+        .depthWriteEnable = vk::False,
+    };
+    vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachmentState = {
+        .blendEnable = vk::False,
+        .srcColorBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eSrcColor,
+        .dstColorBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eOneMinusSrcColor,
+        .colorBlendOp = vk::BlendOp::eAdd,
+        .srcAlphaBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eSrcAlpha,
+        .dstAlphaBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eOneMinusSrcAlpha,
+        .alphaBlendOp = vk::BlendOp::eAdd,
+        .colorWriteMask = vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eR | vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eG |
+                          vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eB | vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eA,
+    };
+    vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendStateCreateInfo = {
+        .logicOpEnable = vk::False,
+        .attachmentCount = 1,
+        .pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachmentState,
+    };
+
+    eastl::array dynamicStates = {
+        vk::DynamicState::eScissor,
+        vk::DynamicState::eViewport,
+    };
+
+    vk::PipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicStateCreateInfo = {
+        .dynamicStateCount = Cast<u32>(dynamicStates.size()),
+        .pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data(),
+    };
+
+    vk::PipelineRenderingCreateInfo renderingCreateInfo = {
+        .viewMask = 0,
+        .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+        .pColorAttachmentFormats = &swapchain->m_Format,
+    };
+
+    vk::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo = {
+        .pNext = &renderingCreateInfo,
+        .stageCount = Cast<u32>(shaderStages.size()),
+        .pStages = shaderStages.data(),
+        .pVertexInputState = &vertexInputStateCreateInfo,
+        .pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyStateCreateInfo,
+        .pViewportState = &viewportStateCreateInfo,
+        .pRasterizationState = &rasterizationStateCreateInfo,
+        .pMultisampleState = &multisampleStateCreateInfo,
+        .pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilStateCreateInfo,
+        .pColorBlendState = &colorBlendStateCreateInfo,
+        .pDynamicState = &dynamicStateCreateInfo,
+        .layout = pipelineLayout,
+    };
+    vk::Pipeline pipeline;
+    result = device->m_Device.createGraphicsPipelines(nullptr, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipeline);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Could not create a graphics pipeline. Cause: {}", result)
+    THEN_ABORT(result);
+    device->SetName(pipeline, "Triangle Pipeline");
+
+    device->m_Device.destroy(vertexShaderModule, nullptr);
+    device->m_Device.destroy(fragmentShaderModule, nullptr);
+
+    return {device, pipelineLayout, pipeline};
+}
+
+vk::ShaderModule
+CreateShader(const Device *device, cstr shaderFile)
+{
+    eastl::vector<u32> shaderCode = ReadFile(shaderFile);
+
+    const vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo shaderModuleCreateInfo = {
+        .codeSize = shaderCode.size() * sizeof(u32),
+        .pCode = shaderCode.data(),
+    };
+    vk::ShaderModule shaderModule;
+
+    vk::Result result = device->m_Device.createShaderModule(&shaderModuleCreateInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule);
+    ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Shader {} could not be created. Cause: {}", shaderFile, result)
+    THEN_ABORT(result);
+    return shaderModule;
+}
+
+Frame::~Frame()
+{
+    m_Device->m_Device.destroy(m_RenderFinishSem, nullptr);
+    m_Device->m_Device.destroy(m_ImageAcquireSem, nullptr);
+    m_Device->m_Device.destroy(m_FrameAvailableFence, nullptr);
+    m_Device->m_Device.destroy(m_Pool, nullptr);
+
+    DEBUG("Destoryed Frame");
+}

samples/02_box/camera.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: camera.cpp
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#include "camera.h"
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
+
+Camera::Camera(const vec3 position, const vec3 direction, const f32 verticalFov, const f32 aspectRatio)
+    : m_Projection{glm::perspective(verticalFov, aspectRatio, 1.0f, 100.0f)}
+    , m_View{lookAt(position, direction + position, vec3(0, 1, 0))}
+{
+}

samples/02_box/camera.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// =============================================
+//  Aster: camera.h
+//  Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Anish Bhobe
+// =============================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+struct Camera
+{
+    mat4 m_Projection;
+    mat4 m_View;
+
+    Camera(vec3 position, vec3 direction, f32 verticalFov, f32 aspectRatio);
+};

samples/02_box/shader/box.ps.hlsl

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 450
+#pragma shader_stage(fragment)
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec3 inColor;
+layout (location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+void main() {
+    outColor = vec4(inColor, 1.0);
+}

samples/02_box/shader/box.vs.hlsl

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+struct VSIn {
+	int idx : SV_VERTEXID;
+};
+
+struct VSOut
+{
+	float4 Pos : SV_POSITION;
+    [[vk::location(0)]] float3 Color : COLOR0;
+};
+
+VSOut main(VSIn input) {
+    float3 points[] = {
+        float3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f),
+        float3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f),
+        float3(0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f)
+    };
+    float3 colors[] = {
+        float3( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ),
+        float3( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ),
+        float3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
+    };
+
+    VSOut output;
+    output.Pos = float4(points[input.idx], 1.0f);
+    output.Color = colors[input.idx];
+
+    return output;
+}

samples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,4 +2,8 @@
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
 
+add_subdirectory("00_util")
 add_subdirectory("01_triangle")
+add_subdirectory("02_box")
+
+