project-aster/samples/03_model_render/model_render.cpp

// =============================================
//  Aster: model_render.cpp
//  Copyright (c) 2020-2025 Anish Bhobe
// =============================================

#include "aster/aster.h"

#include "aster/core/buffer.h"
#include "aster/core/constants.h"
#include "aster/core/device.h"
#include "aster/core/image.h"
#include "aster/core/instance.h"
#include "aster/core/physical_device.h"
#include "aster/core/pipeline.h"
#include "aster/core/swapchain.h"
#include "aster/core/window.h"
#include "aster/util/files.h"

#include "aster/systems/commit_manager.h"
#include "aster/systems/rendering_device.h"

#include "asset_loader.h"
#include "light_manager.h"

#include "gui.h"
#include "ibl_helpers.h"

#include <EASTL/array.h>
#include <tiny_gltf.h>

constexpr auto PIPELINE_CACHE_FILE = "PipelineCacheData.bin";
constexpr auto MODEL_FILE = "model/DamagedHelmet.glb";
constexpr auto BACKDROP_FILE = "image/photo_studio_loft_hall_4k.hdr";

constexpr auto MODEL_SHADER_FILE = "model";
constexpr auto BACKGROUND_SHADER_FILE = "background";

constexpr u32 INIT_WIDTH = 1280;
constexpr u32 INIT_HEIGHT = 720;

struct Camera
{
    mat4 m_View;
    mat4 m_Perspective;
    mat4 m_InverseView;
    mat4 m_InversePerspective;
    vec3 m_Position;
    f32 m_PositionHomogenousPad_ = 1.0f;

    void
    CalculateInverses()
    {
        m_InverseView = inverse(m_View);
        m_InversePerspective = inverse(m_Perspective);
    }
};

struct CameraController
{
    constexpr static auto UP = vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    f32 m_Fov;
    f32 m_Pitch;
    f32 m_Yaw;
    f32 m_AspectRatio;

    Camera m_Camera;

    CameraController(const vec3 &position, const vec3 &target, const f32 vFov, const f32 aspectRatio)
        : m_Fov(vFov)
        , m_Pitch{0.0f}
        , m_Yaw{0.0f}
        , m_AspectRatio{aspectRatio}
        , m_Camera{
              .m_View = lookAt(position, target, UP),
              .m_Perspective = glm::perspective(vFov, aspectRatio, 0.1f, 100.0f),
              .m_Position = position,
          }
    {
        const vec3 dir = normalize(target - vec3(position));
        m_Pitch = asin(dir.y);
        m_Yaw = acos(-dir.z / sqrt(1.0f - dir.y * dir.y));
        m_Camera.CalculateInverses();
    }

    void
    SetAspectRatio(const f32 aspectRatio)
    {
        m_AspectRatio = aspectRatio;
        m_Camera.m_Perspective = glm::perspective(m_Fov, aspectRatio, 0.1f, 100.0f);

        m_Camera.CalculateInverses();
    }

    void
    SetPosition(const vec3 &position)
    {
        m_Camera.m_Position = vec4(position, 1.0f);

        f32 cosPitch = cos(m_Pitch);
        const auto target = vec3(sin(m_Yaw) * cosPitch, sin(m_Pitch), -cos(m_Yaw) * cosPitch);
        m_Camera.m_View = lookAt(position, position + target, UP);

        m_Camera.CalculateInverses();
    }

    void
    SetPitchYaw(f32 pitch, f32 yaw)
    {
        m_Pitch = pitch;
        m_Yaw = yaw;

        f32 cosPitch = cos(m_Pitch);
        const auto target = vec3(sin(m_Yaw) * cosPitch, sin(m_Pitch), -cos(m_Yaw) * cosPitch);
        const vec3 position = m_Camera.m_Position;
        m_Camera.m_View = lookAt(position, position + target, UP);

        m_Camera.CalculateInverses();
    }

    void
    SetLookAt(const vec3 &target)
    {
        const vec3 dir = normalize(target - m_Camera.m_Position);
        m_Pitch = acos(dir.y);
        m_Yaw = acos(dir.z / sqrt(1.0f - dir.y * dir.y));
        m_Camera.m_View = lookAt(m_Camera.m_Position, m_Camera.m_Position + target, UP);

        m_Camera.CalculateInverses();
    }
};

int
main(int, char **)
{
    MIN_LOG_LEVEL(Logger::LogType::eInfo);

    Window window = {"ModelRender (Aster)", {INIT_WIDTH, INIT_HEIGHT}};

    Features enabledDeviceFeatures = {
        .m_Vulkan10Features = {.samplerAnisotropy = true, .shaderInt16 = true},
        .m_Vulkan12Features =
            {
                .descriptorIndexing = true,
                .shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing = true,
                .shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing = true,
                .shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing = true,
                .descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind = true, // Not related to Bindless
                .descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind = true,
                .descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind = true,
                .descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind = true,
                .descriptorBindingPartiallyBound = true,
                .runtimeDescriptorArray = true,
                .timelineSemaphore = true,
                .bufferDeviceAddress = true,
                .bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay = true,
            },
        .m_Vulkan13Features =
            {
                .synchronization2 = true,
                .dynamicRendering = true,
            },
    };

    auto pipelineCacheData = ReadFileBytes(PIPELINE_CACHE_FILE, false);
    systems::RenderingDevice device{{
        .m_Window = window,
        .m_Features = enabledDeviceFeatures,
        .m_AppName = "ModelRender",
        .m_AppVersion = VERSION,
        .m_PipelineCacheData = pipelineCacheData,
        .m_ShaderSearchPaths = {"shader/"},
    }};

    AssetLoader assetLoader{device};
    LightManager lightManager{device};

    Model model = assetLoader.LoadModelToGpu(MODEL_FILE);
    auto environmentHdri = assetLoader.LoadHdrImage(BACKDROP_FILE);
    auto envHdriHandle = device.m_CommitManager->CommitTexture(environmentHdri);

    auto environment = CreateCubeFromHdrEnv(assetLoader, 512, envHdriHandle);

    auto attachmentFormat = device.m_Swapchain.m_Format;

    Pipeline pipeline;
    if (auto result = device.CreateGraphicsPipeline(pipeline, {
                                                          .m_Shaders = {{
                                                              .m_ShaderFile = MODEL_SHADER_FILE,
                                                              .m_EntryPoints = {"vsmain", "fsmain"},
                                                          }},
                                                          .m_Name = "Primary",
                                                      }))
    {
        ERROR("Could not create model pipeline. Cause: {}", result.What()) THEN_ABORT(result.Value());
    }

    Pipeline backgroundPipeline;
    if (auto result = device.CreateGraphicsPipeline(
            backgroundPipeline, {
                                    .m_Shaders = {{
                                        .m_ShaderFile = BACKGROUND_SHADER_FILE,
                                        .m_EntryPoints = {"vsmain", "fsmain"},
                                    }},
                                    .m_DepthTest = systems::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::DepthTest::eReadOnly,
                                    .m_DepthOp = systems::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::CompareOp::eLessThanOrEqualTo,
                                    .m_Name = "Background",
                                }))
    {
        ERROR("Could not create background pipeline. Cause: {}", result.What()) THEN_ABORT(result.Value());
    }

    lightManager.AddPoint(vec3{-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f}, vec3{1.0f}, 30.0f, 16.0f);
    lightManager.AddPoint(vec3{5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f}, vec3{1.0f}, 30.0f, 16.0f);
    lightManager.AddPoint(vec3{-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f}, vec3{1.0f}, 30.0f, 16.0f);
    lightManager.AddPoint(vec3{5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f}, vec3{1.0f}, 30.0f, 16.0f);

    lightManager.Update();

    vk::Extent2D internalResolution = {1920, 1080};

    auto swapchainSize = device.GetSwapchainSize();

    CameraController cameraController = {vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f}, vec3{0.0f}, 70_deg,
                                         static_cast<f32>(swapchainSize.m_Width) /
                                             static_cast<f32>(swapchainSize.m_Height)};

    auto cameraBuffer = device.CreateStorageBuffer(sizeof cameraController.m_Camera, "Camera Info");
    auto cameraBufferId = device.m_CommitManager->CommitBuffer(cameraBuffer);
    auto lightManagerBuffer =
        device.CreateStorageBuffer(sizeof environment + sizeof lightManager.m_MetaInfo, "Light Info");
    auto lightsBufferId = device.m_CommitManager->CommitBuffer(lightManagerBuffer);
    lightManagerBuffer->Write(0, sizeof environment, &environment);
    lightManagerBuffer->Write(sizeof environment, sizeof lightManager.m_MetaInfo, &lightManager.m_MetaInfo);

    // Persistent variables
    vk::Viewport viewport = {
        .x = 0,
        .y = static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.height),
        .width = static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.width),
        .height = -static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.height),
        .minDepth = 0.0,
        .maxDepth = 1.0,
    };

    vk::ImageSubresourceRange subresourceRange = {
        .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
        .baseMipLevel = 0,
        .levelCount = 1,
        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
        .layerCount = 1,
    };

    vk::ImageMemoryBarrier2 attachmentPreRenderBarrier = {
        .srcStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eTransfer,
        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferRead,
        .dstStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentOutput,
        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentWrite,
        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .subresourceRange = subresourceRange,
    };

    vk::ImageMemoryBarrier2 attachmentRenderToBlitBarrier = {
        .srcStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentOutput,
        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentWrite,
        .dstStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eBlit,
        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferRead,
        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .subresourceRange = subresourceRange,
    };

    // Dependency from Acquire to Blit
    vk::ImageMemoryBarrier2 swapchainPreBlitBarrier = {
        .srcStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentOutput,
        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eNone,
        .dstStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eBlit,
        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferRead | vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferWrite,
        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .subresourceRange = subresourceRange,
    };

    // Execution dependency between blit and GUI render.
    vk::ImageMemoryBarrier2 swapchainBlitToGuiBarrier = {
        .srcStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eTransfer,
        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferWrite,
        .dstStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentOutput,
        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentRead,
        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .subresourceRange = subresourceRange,
    };

    vk::ImageMemoryBarrier2 swapchainPrePresentBarrier = {
        .srcStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentOutput,
        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eColorAttachmentWrite,
        .dstStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits2::eBottomOfPipe,
        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits2::eNone,
        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR,
        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = vk::QueueFamilyIgnored,
        .subresourceRange = subresourceRange,
    };

    eastl::fixed_vector<Ref<ImageView>, MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT> depthImages;
    eastl::fixed_vector<Ref<ImageView>, MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT> attachmentImages;

    for (u32 index = 0; index < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; ++index)
    {
        auto name = fmt::format("Depth Frame{}", index);
        depthImages.emplace_back(device.CreateDepthStencilImageWithView({
            .m_Extent = internalResolution,
            .m_Name = name.c_str(),
        }));

        name = fmt::format("Attachment0 Frame{}", index);
        attachmentImages.emplace_back(device.CreateAttachmentWithView({
            .m_Format = attachmentFormat,
            .m_Extent = internalResolution,
            .m_Name = name.c_str(),
        }));
    }

    gui::Init(device, window);
    bool rotating = false;
    bool lockToScreen = true;
    bool showDiffuse = false;
    bool useDiffuse = true;
    bool showPrefilter = false;
    bool useSpecular = true;

    constexpr static u32 USE_DIFFUSE_BIT = 1;
    constexpr static u32 USE_SPECULAR_BIT = 1 << 1;
    constexpr static u32 SHOW_DIFFUSE_BIT = 1 << 2;
    constexpr static u32 SHOW_PREFILTER_BIT = 1 << 3;

    i32 height = static_cast<i32>(internalResolution.height);
    f32 camPitch = glm::degrees(cameraController.m_Pitch);
    f32 camYaw = glm::degrees(cameraController.m_Yaw);
    vec3 camPosition = cameraController.m_Camera.m_Position;
    vk::Extent2D inputResolution = internalResolution;

    device.RegisterResizeCallback([&cameraController](vk::Extent2D const extent) {
        cameraController.SetAspectRatio(static_cast<f32>(extent.width) / static_cast<f32>(extent.height));
    });

    Time::Init();

    INFO("Starting loop");
    while (window.Poll())
    {
        Time::Update();

        gui::StartBuild();

        gui::Begin("Settings");
        gui::Text("Window Resolution: %ux%u", swapchainSize.m_Width, swapchainSize.m_Height);
        gui::Text("Render Resolution: %ux%u", internalResolution.width, internalResolution.height);
        gui::Checkbox("Lock Resolution to Window", &lockToScreen);
        if (!lockToScreen)
        {
            if (gui::InputInt("FrameBuffer Height", &height, 1, 10))
            {
                height = eastl::clamp(height, 64, 4320);
            }

            inputResolution.height = height;
            inputResolution.width =
                static_cast<i32>(cameraController.m_AspectRatio * static_cast<f32>(inputResolution.height));

            if (gui::Button("Change Resolution"))
            {
                if (inputResolution.width != internalResolution.width ||
                    inputResolution.height != internalResolution.height)
                {
                    internalResolution = inputResolution;
                    viewport.width = static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.width);
                    viewport.height = -static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.height);
                    viewport.y = static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.height);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (swapchainSize.m_Width != internalResolution.width ||
                swapchainSize.m_Height != internalResolution.height)
            {
                internalResolution = swapchainSize;
                viewport.width = static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.width);
                viewport.height = -static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.height);
                viewport.y = static_cast<f32>(internalResolution.height);
            }
        }
        gui::Separator();
        gui::Text("Delta: %0.6f ms", 1000.0f * Time::m_Delta);
        gui::Text("FPS: %0.6f", 1.0f / Time::m_Delta);
        gui::Separator();
        gui::PushItemWidth(100);
        bool yawChange = gui::DragFloat("Camera Yaw", &camYaw);
        bool pitchChange = gui::DragFloat("Camera Pitch", &camPitch, 1, -89.0f, 89.0f);
        if (yawChange || pitchChange)
        {
            camYaw = camYaw - floor((camYaw + 180.0f) / 360.0f) * 360.0f;
            cameraController.SetPitchYaw(glm::radians(camPitch), glm::radians(camYaw));
        }
        if (gui::InputFloat3("Camera Position", reinterpret_cast<f32 *>(&camPosition)))
        {
            cameraController.SetPosition(camPosition);
        }
        gui::Separator();
        gui::Text("IBL");
        gui::Checkbox("Show DiffIrr", &showDiffuse);
        gui::Checkbox("Use DiffIrr", &useDiffuse);
        gui::Checkbox("Show Prefilter", &showPrefilter);
        gui::Checkbox("Use Specular", &useSpecular);
        gui::Separator();
        gui::Checkbox("Rotate", &rotating);
        gui::PopItemWidth();
        if (gui::Button("Exit"))
        {
            window.RequestExit();
        }
        gui::End();

        gui::EndBuild();

        if (rotating)
        {
            model.SetModelTransform(
                rotate(model.GetModelTransform(), static_cast<f32>(45.0_deg * Time::m_Delta), vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)));
        }
        model.Update();
        cameraController.m_Camera.CalculateInverses();
        cameraBuffer->Write(0, sizeof cameraController.m_Camera, &cameraController.m_Camera);

        auto &currentFrame = device.GetNextFrame();

        auto context = currentFrame.CreateGraphicsContext();

        auto &currentDepthImage = depthImages[currentFrame.m_FrameIdx];
        auto &currentAttachment = attachmentImages[currentFrame.m_FrameIdx];

        if (currentAttachment->m_Extent.width != internalResolution.width ||
            currentAttachment->m_Extent.height != internalResolution.height)
        {
            auto name = fmt::format("Depth Frame{}", currentFrame.m_FrameIdx);
            currentDepthImage = device.CreateDepthStencilImageWithView({
                .m_Extent = internalResolution,
                .m_Name = name.c_str(),
            });

            name = fmt::format("Attachment0 Frame{}", currentFrame.m_FrameIdx);
            currentAttachment = device.CreateAttachmentWithView({
                .m_Format = attachmentFormat,
                .m_Extent = internalResolution,
                .m_Name = name.c_str(),
            });
        }

        vk::Image currentSwapchainImage = currentFrame.m_SwapchainImage;

        vk::ImageView currentDepthImageView = currentDepthImage->m_View;
        vk::Image currentImage = currentAttachment->m_Image->m_Image;
        vk::ImageView currentImageView = currentAttachment->m_View;

        attachmentPreRenderBarrier.image = currentImage;
        attachmentRenderToBlitBarrier.image = currentImage;
        swapchainPreBlitBarrier.image = currentSwapchainImage;
        swapchainBlitToGuiBarrier.image = currentSwapchainImage;
        swapchainPrePresentBarrier.image = currentSwapchainImage;

        context.Begin();

        eastl::array firstBarriers = {attachmentPreRenderBarrier, swapchainPreBlitBarrier};
        context.Dependency({
            .imageMemoryBarrierCount = static_cast<u32>(firstBarriers.size()),
            .pImageMemoryBarriers = firstBarriers.data(),
        });

        // Render
        eastl::array attachmentInfos = {
            vk::RenderingAttachmentInfo{
                .imageView = currentImageView,
                .imageLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
                .resolveMode = vk::ResolveModeFlagBits::eNone,
                .loadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear,
                .storeOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore,
                .clearValue = vk::ClearColorValue{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},
            },
        };

        vk::RenderingAttachmentInfo depthAttachment = {
            .imageView = currentDepthImageView,
            .imageLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eDepthAttachmentOptimal,
            .resolveMode = vk::ResolveModeFlagBits::eNone,
            .loadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear,
            .storeOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eDontCare,
            .clearValue = vk::ClearDepthStencilValue{.depth = 1.0f, .stencil = 0},
        };

        vk::RenderingInfo renderingInfo = {
            .renderArea = {.extent = ToExtent2D(currentAttachment->m_Extent)},
            .layerCount = 1,
            .colorAttachmentCount = static_cast<u32>(attachmentInfos.size()),
            .pColorAttachments = attachmentInfos.data(),
            .pDepthAttachment = &depthAttachment,
        };

        context.BeginRendering(renderingInfo);

        context.SetViewport(viewport);

        context.BindIndexBuffer(model.m_IndexBuffer);

        context.BindPipeline(pipeline);

        u32 flags = 0;
        if (useSpecular)
        {
            flags |= USE_SPECULAR_BIT;
        }
        if (useDiffuse)
        {
            flags |= USE_DIFFUSE_BIT;
        }
        if (showPrefilter)
        {
            flags |= SHOW_PREFILTER_BIT;
        }
        if (showDiffuse)
        {
            flags |= SHOW_DIFFUSE_BIT;
        }

        u32 pcbOffset = 0;
        context.PushConstantBlock(model.m_Handles);
        pcbOffset += sizeof model.m_Handles;
        context.PushConstantBlock(pcbOffset, cameraBufferId);
        pcbOffset += sizeof cameraBufferId;
        context.PushConstantBlock(pcbOffset, lightsBufferId);
        pcbOffset += sizeof lightsBufferId;
        context.PushConstantBlock(pcbOffset, flags);
        pcbOffset += sizeof flags;

        for (auto &prim : model.m_MeshPrimitives)
        {
            u32 innerPcbOffset = pcbOffset;
            context.PushConstantBlock(innerPcbOffset, prim.m_MaterialIdx);
            innerPcbOffset += sizeof prim.m_MaterialIdx;
            context.PushConstantBlock(innerPcbOffset, prim.m_TransformIdx);
            innerPcbOffset += sizeof prim.m_TransformIdx;
            context.DrawIndexed(prim.m_IndexCount, prim.m_FirstIndex, prim.m_VertexOffset);
        }

        context.BindPipeline(backgroundPipeline);
        context.Draw(3);

        context.EndRendering();

        context.Dependency({.imageMemoryBarrierCount = 1, .pImageMemoryBarriers = &attachmentRenderToBlitBarrier});

        vk::ImageBlit2 blitRegion = {
            .srcSubresource =
                {
                    .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
                    .mipLevel = 0,
                    .baseArrayLayer = 0,
                    .layerCount = 1,
                },
            .srcOffsets =
                std::array{
                    vk::Offset3D{0, 0, 0},
                    ToOffset3D(currentAttachment->m_Extent),
                },
            .dstSubresource =
                {
                    .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
                    .mipLevel = 0,
                    .baseArrayLayer = 0,
                    .layerCount = 1,
                },
            .dstOffsets =
                std::array{
                    vk::Offset3D{0, 0, 0},
                    vk::Offset3D{static_cast<i32>(swapchainSize.m_Width), static_cast<i32>(swapchainSize.m_Height), 1},
                },
        };

        vk::BlitImageInfo2 blit = {
            .srcImage = currentImage,
            .srcImageLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
            .dstImage = currentSwapchainImage,
            .dstImageLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
            .regionCount = 1,
            .pRegions = &blitRegion,
            .filter = vk::Filter::eLinear,
        };

        context.Blit(blit);

        context.Dependency({.imageMemoryBarrierCount = 1, .pImageMemoryBarriers = &swapchainBlitToGuiBarrier});

        gui::Draw(currentFrame, context);

        context.Dependency({.imageMemoryBarrierCount = 1, .pImageMemoryBarriers = &swapchainPrePresentBarrier});

        context.End();

        device.Present(currentFrame, context);
    }

    device.WaitIdle();

    pipelineCacheData = device.DumpPipelineCache();
    ERROR_IF(!WriteFileBytes(PIPELINE_CACHE_FILE, pipelineCacheData), "Pipeline Cache incorrectly written");

    gui::Destroy(device);

    return 0;
}