aster/include/aster/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ INTERFACE
         "global.h"
         "constants.h"
         "config.h"
-        "instance.h"
+        "context.h"
         "physical_device.h"
         "device.h"
         "swapchain.h"

aster/include/aster/core/context.h

@@ -8,25 +8,25 @@
 #include "global.h"
 
 /**
- * @class Instance
+ * @class Context
  *
  * @brief Vulkan context to handle device initialization logic.
  *
  * Handles the required hardware interactions.
  */
-struct Instance final
+struct Context final
 {
     // Members
     vk::Instance m_Instance = nullptr;
     vk::DebugUtilsMessengerEXT m_DebugMessenger = nullptr;
 
     // Ctor/Dtor
-    Instance(cstr appName, Version version, bool enableValidation = ENABLE_LAYER_MESSAGES_DEFAULT_VALUE);
-    ~Instance();
+    Context(cstr appName, Version version, bool enableValidation = ENABLE_LAYER_MESSAGES_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    ~Context();
 
     // Move
-    Instance(Instance &&other) noexcept;
-    Instance &operator=(Instance &&other) noexcept;
+    Context(Context &&other) noexcept;
+    Context &operator=(Context &&other) noexcept;
 
 #if !defined(ASTER_NDEBUG)
     constexpr static bool ENABLE_LAYER_MESSAGES_DEFAULT_VALUE = true;
@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ struct Instance final
     constexpr static bool ENABLE_LAYER_MESSAGES_DEFAULT_VALUE = false;
 #endif
 
-    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Instance);
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Context);
 };

aster/include/aster/core/device.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include <EASTL/vector.h>
 
 struct QueueAllocation;
-struct Instance;
+struct Context;
 struct PhysicalDevice;
 
 struct Features
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ struct Device final
     void WaitIdle() const;
 
     // Ctor/Dtor
-    Device(const Instance *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
+    Device(const Context *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
            const eastl::vector<QueueAllocation> &queueAllocations, NameString &&name);
-    Device(const Instance *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
+    Device(const Context *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
            const eastl::vector<QueueAllocation> &queueAllocations, eastl::span<u8> &&pipelineCacheData,
            NameString &&name);
     ~Device();

aster/include/aster/core/physical_device.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include <EASTL/fixed_vector.h>
 
 struct Window;
-struct Instance;
+struct Context;
 
 enum class QueueSupportFlagBits
 {
@@ -54,5 +54,5 @@ struct PhysicalDevice final
 class PhysicalDevices : public eastl::fixed_vector<PhysicalDevice, 4>
 {
   public:
-    PhysicalDevices(const Surface *surface, const Instance *context);
+    PhysicalDevices(const Surface *surface, const Context *context);
 };

aster/include/aster/core/surface.h

@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@
 
 #include "global.h"
 
-struct Instance;
+struct Context;
 struct Window;
 
 struct Surface
 {
-    Instance *m_Context;
+    Context *m_Context;
     vk::SurfaceKHR m_Surface;
     NameString m_Name;
 
     // Ctor Dtor
-    Surface(Instance *context, const Window *window, cstr name);
+    Surface(Context *context, const Window *window, cstr name);
     ~Surface();
 
     // Move

aster/include/aster/systems/buffer_manager.h

@@ -30,6 +30,5 @@ class BufferManager final
     [[nodiscard]] Ref<StorageBuffer> CreateStorageBuffer(usize size, cstr name = nullptr) const;
     [[nodiscard]] Ref<UniformBuffer> CreateUniformBuffer(usize size, cstr name = nullptr) const;
     [[nodiscard]] Ref<StagingBuffer> CreateStagingBuffer(usize size, cstr name = nullptr) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] Ref<VertexBuffer> CreateVertexBuffer(usize size, cstr name = nullptr) const;
 };
 } // namespace systems

aster/src/aster/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
 target_sources(aster_core
 PRIVATE
         "global.cpp"
-        "instance.cpp"
+        "context.cpp"
         "physical_device.cpp"
         "device.cpp"
         "swapchain.cpp"

aster/src/aster/core/context.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //  Copyright (c) 2020-2025 Anish Bhobe
 // =============================================
 
-#include "core/instance.h"
+#include "core/context.h"
 
 #include <EASTL/array.h>
 #include <EASTL/fixed_vector.h>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ DebugCallback(const VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
     return false;
 }
 
-Instance::Instance(const cstr appName, const Version version, bool enableValidation)
+Context::Context(const cstr appName, const Version version, bool enableValidation)
 {
     INFO_IF(enableValidation, "Validation Layers enabled");
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Instance::Instance(const cstr appName, const Version version, bool enableValidat
     }
 }
 
-Instance::~Instance()
+Context::~Context()
 {
     if (m_DebugMessenger)
     {
@@ -108,14 +108,14 @@ Instance::~Instance()
     DEBUG("Instance destroyed");
 }
 
-Instance::Instance(Instance &&other) noexcept
+Context::Context(Context &&other) noexcept
     : m_Instance(Take(other.m_Instance))
     , m_DebugMessenger(Take(other.m_DebugMessenger))
 {
 }
 
-Instance &
-Instance::operator=(Instance &&other) noexcept
+Context &
+Context::operator=(Context &&other) noexcept
 {
     if (this == &other)
         return *this;

aster/src/aster/core/device.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "core/device.h"
 
-#include "core/instance.h"
+#include "core/context.h"
 #include "core/physical_device.h"
 #include "core/queue_allocation.h"
 
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ constexpr eastl::array DEVICE_EXTENSIONS = {
     VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
 };
 
-Device::Device(const Instance *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
+Device::Device(const Context *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
                const eastl::vector<QueueAllocation> &queueAllocations, NameString &&name)
     : Device(context, physicalDevice, enabledFeatures, queueAllocations, {}, std::move(name))
 {
 }
 
-Device::Device(const Instance *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
+Device::Device(const Context *context, PhysicalDevice *physicalDevice, Features *enabledFeatures,
                const eastl::vector<QueueAllocation> &queueAllocations, eastl::span<u8> &&pipelineCacheData,
                NameString &&name)
     : m_Name(std::move(name))

aster/src/aster/core/physical_device.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "core/physical_device.h"
 
-#include "core/instance.h"
+#include "core/context.h"
 #include "core/surface.h"
 
 [[nodiscard]] vk::SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ EnumeratePhysicalDevices(const vk::Instance instance)
     return physicalDevices;
 }
 
-PhysicalDevices::PhysicalDevices(const Surface *surface, const Instance *context)
+PhysicalDevices::PhysicalDevices(const Surface *surface, const Context *context)
 {
     auto physicalDevices = EnumeratePhysicalDevices(context->m_Instance);
     for (auto physicalDevice : physicalDevices)

aster/src/aster/core/surface.cpp

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 
 #include "core/surface.h"
 
-#include "core/instance.h"
+#include "core/context.h"
 #include "core/window.h"
 
-Surface::Surface(Instance *context, const Window *window, cstr name)
+Surface::Surface(Context *context, const Window *window, cstr name)
     : m_Context(context)
     , m_Name(name)
 {

aster/src/aster/core/window.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "core/window.h"
 
-#include "core/instance.h"
+#include "core/context.h"
 #include "util/logger.h"
 
 std::atomic_uint64_t Window::m_WindowCount = 0;

aster/src/aster/systems/buffer_manager.cpp

@@ -43,16 +43,6 @@ BufferManager::CreateStagingBuffer(const usize size, const cstr name) const
     return std::make_shared<StagingBuffer>(Buffer{m_Device, size, usage, createFlags, memoryUsage, name});
 }
 
-Ref<VertexBuffer>
-BufferManager::CreateVertexBuffer(const usize size, const cstr name) const
-{
-    constexpr vk::BufferUsageFlags usage = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eVertexBuffer;
-    constexpr VmaAllocationCreateFlags createFlags =
-        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT | VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
-    constexpr VmaMemoryUsage memoryUsage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
-    return std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(Buffer{m_Device, size, usage, createFlags, memoryUsage, name});
-}
-
 //
 // void
 // UniformBuffer::Init(const Device *device, const usize size, const cstr name)

samples/00_util/gui.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "gui.h"
 
-#include "aster/core/instance.h"
+#include "aster/core/context.h"
 #include "aster/core/device.h"
 #include "aster/core/window.h"
 #include "helpers.h"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ VulkanAssert(VkResult result)
 }
 
 void
-Init(const Instance *context, const Device *device, const Window *window, vk::Format attachmentFormat,
+Init(const Context *context, const Device *device, const Window *window, vk::Format attachmentFormat,
      const u32 imageCount, const u32 queueFamily, const vk::Queue queue)
 {
     g_AttachmentFormat = attachmentFormat;

samples/00_util/gui.h

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 #include <imgui.h>
 
 struct Device;
-struct Instance;
+struct Context;
 struct Window;
 struct Swapchain;
 
 // ReSharper disable once CppInconsistentNaming
 namespace ImGui
 {
-void Init(const Instance *context, const Device *device, const Window *window, vk::Format attachmentFormat,
+void Init(const Context *context, const Device *device, const Window *window, vk::Format attachmentFormat,
           u32 imageCount, u32 queueFamily, vk::Queue queue);
 void Destroy(const Device *device);
 

samples/01_triangle/triangle.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "aster/core/buffer.h"
 #include "aster/core/constants.h"
-#include "aster/core/instance.h"
+#include "aster/core/context.h"
 #include "aster/core/device.h"
 #include "aster/core/physical_device.h"
 #include "aster/core/pipeline.h"
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include "aster/core/window.h"
 
 #include "helpers.h"
-#include "aster/systems/resource_manager.h"
 
 #include <EASTL/array.h>
 
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ main(int, char **)
     MIN_LOG_LEVEL(Logger::LogType::eInfo);
 
     Window window = {"Triangle (Aster)", {640, 480}};
-    Instance context = {"Triangle", VERSION};
+    Context context = {"Triangle", VERSION};
     Surface surface = {&context, &window, "Primary"};
 
     PhysicalDevices physicalDevices = {&surface, &context};
@@ -93,7 +92,6 @@ main(int, char **)
     vk::Queue commandQueue = device.GetQueue(queueAllocation.m_Family, 0);
     Swapchain swapchain = {&surface, &device, window.GetSize(), "Primary Chain"};
     Pipeline pipeline = CreatePipeline(&device, &swapchain);
-    systems::ResourceManager resourceManager{&device};
 
     vk::CommandPool copyPool;
     vk::CommandBuffer copyBuffer;
@@ -119,8 +117,45 @@ main(int, char **)
         Vertex{.m_Position = {0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f}, .m_Color = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}},
         Vertex{.m_Position = {0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f}, .m_Color = {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}},
     };
-    auto vbo = resourceManager.Buffers().CreateVertexBuffer(vertices.size() * sizeof vertices[0], "VBO");
-    vbo->Write(0, vertices.size() * sizeof vertices[0], vertices.data());
+    VertexBuffer vbo;
+    vbo.Init(&device, vertices.size() * sizeof vertices[0], "VBO");
+    {
+        StagingBuffer staging;
+        staging.Init(&device, vertices.size() * sizeof vertices[0], "Staging");
+        staging.Write(0, vertices.size() * sizeof vertices[0], vertices.data());
+
+        vk::Fence fence;
+        vk::FenceCreateInfo fenceCreateInfo = {};
+        auto result = device.m_Device.createFence(&fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &fence);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Fence creation failed. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {.flags = vk::CommandBufferUsageFlagBits::eOneTimeSubmit};
+        result = copyBuffer.begin(&beginInfo);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Copy begin failed. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        vk::BufferCopy bufferCopy = {.srcOffset = 0, .dstOffset = 0, .size = staging.m_Size};
+        copyBuffer.copyBuffer(staging.m_Buffer, vbo.m_Buffer, 1, &bufferCopy);
+
+        result = copyBuffer.end();
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Copy end failed. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        vk::SubmitInfo submitInfo = {
+            .commandBufferCount = 1,
+            .pCommandBuffers = &copyBuffer,
+        };
+
+        result = commandQueue.submit(1, &submitInfo, fence);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Submit failed. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result) ELSE_INFO("Submit copy");
+
+        result = device.m_Device.waitForFences(1, &fence, true, MaxValue<u64>);
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Fence wait failed. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result) ELSE_INFO("Fence wait");
+
+        result = device.m_Device.resetCommandPool(copyPool, {});
+        ERROR_IF(Failed(result), "Couldn't reset command pool. Cause: {}", result) THEN_ABORT(result);
+
+        device.m_Device.destroy(fence, nullptr);
+        staging.Destroy();
+    }
 
     // Persistent variables
     vk::Viewport viewport = {
@@ -259,7 +294,7 @@ main(int, char **)
         cmd.setScissor(0, 1, &scissor);
         cmd.bindPipeline(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, pipeline.m_Pipeline);
         usize offsets = 0;
-        cmd.bindVertexBuffers(0, 1, &vbo->m_Buffer, &offsets);
+        cmd.bindVertexBuffers(0, 1, &vbo.m_Buffer, &offsets);
         cmd.draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
 
         cmd.endRendering();
@@ -317,6 +352,7 @@ main(int, char **)
     device.WaitIdle();
 
     device.m_Device.destroy(copyPool, nullptr);
+    vbo.Destroy();
 
     return 0;
 }

samples/02_box/box.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "aster/core/buffer.h"
 #include "aster/core/constants.h"
-#include "aster/core/instance.h"
+#include "aster/core/context.h"
 #include "aster/core/device.h"
 #include "aster/core/image.h"
 #include "aster/core/physical_device.h"
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ main(int, char **)
     MIN_LOG_LEVEL(Logger::LogType::eInfo);
 
     Window window = {"Box (Aster)", {640, 480}};
-    Instance context = {"Box", VERSION};
+    Context context = {"Box", VERSION};
     Surface surface = {&context, &window, "Primary"};
 
     PhysicalDevices physicalDevices = {&surface, &context};

samples/03_model_render/asset_loader.cpp

@@ -367,21 +367,14 @@ GenerateMipMaps(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer, const Ref<Texture> &texture, vk
 #endif
 }
 
-std::tuple<systems::ResId<TextureView>, Ref<StagingBuffer>>
-AssetLoader::LoadImageToGpu(tinygltf::Image *image, bool isSrgb, cstr name) const
+std::tuple<systems::ResId<TextureView>, Ref<Buffer>>
+AssetLoader::LoadImageToGpu(tinygltf::Image *image, bool isSrgb) const
 {
     // TODO(Something not loading properly).
 
     assert(image->component == 4);
     assert(image->height > 0 && image->width > 0);
 
-#if !defined(ASTER_NDEBUG)
-    auto assignedName = name ? name : image->name.empty() ? image->uri.c_str() : image->name.c_str();
-#else
-    auto assignedName = nullptr;
-#endif
-
-
     u32 height = Cast<u32>(image->height);
     u32 width = Cast<u32>(image->width);
 
@@ -391,7 +384,7 @@ AssetLoader::LoadImageToGpu(tinygltf::Image *image, bool isSrgb, cstr name) cons
     auto texture = m_ResourceManager->Images().CreateTexture2D<Texture>({
         .m_Format = imageFormat,
         .m_Extent = {width, height},
-        .m_Name = assignedName,
+        .m_Name = image->name.c_str(),
         .m_IsSampled = true,
         .m_IsMipMapped = true,
         .m_IsStorage = false,
@@ -402,7 +395,7 @@ AssetLoader::LoadImageToGpu(tinygltf::Image *image, bool isSrgb, cstr name) cons
 
 #if !defined(ASTER_NDEBUG)
     StackString<128> loadActionName = "Load: ";
-    loadActionName += assignedName;
+    loadActionName += image->name.empty() ? "<texture>" : image->name.c_str();
     vk::DebugUtilsLabelEXT debugLabel = {
         .pLabelName = loadActionName.c_str(),
         .color = std::array{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
@@ -548,7 +541,7 @@ AssetLoader::LoadModelToGpu(cstr path, cstr name)
     m_CommandBuffer.beginDebugUtilsLabelEXT(&debugLabel);
 #endif
 
-    eastl::vector<Ref<StagingBuffer>> stagingBuffers;
+    eastl::vector<Ref<Buffer>> stagingBuffers;
 
     eastl::hash_map<i32, systems::ResId<TextureView>> textureHandleMap;
 
@@ -569,9 +562,8 @@ AssetLoader::LoadModelToGpu(cstr path, cstr name)
                 return iter->second;
             }
 
-            const auto &texture = model.textures[index];
-            auto *image = &model.images[texture.source];
-            auto [handle, staging] = LoadImageToGpu(image, isSrgb, texture.name.empty() ? nullptr : texture.name.c_str());
+            auto *image = &model.images[index];
+            auto [handle, staging] = LoadImageToGpu(image, isSrgb);
             textureHandleMap.emplace(index, handle);
             stagingBuffers.emplace_back(std::move(staging));
             return handle;

samples/03_model_render/asset_loader.h

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ struct AssetLoader
     u32 m_GraphicsQueueIndex;
 
     Ref<TextureView> LoadHdrImage(cstr path, cstr name = nullptr) const;
+    std::tuple<systems::ResId<TextureView>, Ref<Buffer>> LoadImageToGpu(tinygltf::Image *image, bool isSrgb) const;
     Model LoadModelToGpu(cstr path, cstr name = nullptr);
 
     constexpr static auto ANormal = "NORMAL";
@@ -131,10 +132,6 @@ struct AssetLoader
     AssetLoader &operator=(AssetLoader &&other) noexcept;
 
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AssetLoader);
-
-private:
-    std::tuple<systems::ResId<TextureView>, Ref<StagingBuffer>>
-    LoadImageToGpu(tinygltf::Image *image, bool isSrgb, cstr name = nullptr) const;
 };
 
 void

samples/03_model_render/model_render.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "aster/core/buffer.h"
 #include "aster/core/constants.h"
-#include "aster/core/instance.h"
+#include "aster/core/context.h"
 #include "aster/core/device.h"
 #include "aster/core/image.h"
 #include "aster/core/physical_device.h"
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 constexpr u32 MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 3;
 constexpr auto PIPELINE_CACHE_FILE = "PipelineCacheData.bin";
-constexpr auto MODEL_FILE = "model/Sponza/Sponza.gltf";
+constexpr auto MODEL_FILE = "model/DamagedHelmet.glb";
 constexpr auto BACKDROP_FILE = "image/photo_studio_loft_hall_4k.hdr";
 constexpr u32 INIT_WIDTH = 1280;
 constexpr u32 INIT_HEIGHT = 720;
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ main(int, char **)
     MIN_LOG_LEVEL(Logger::LogType::eInfo);
 
     Window window = {"ModelRender (Aster)", {INIT_WIDTH, INIT_HEIGHT}};
-    Instance context = {"ModelRender", VERSION};
+    Context context = {"ModelRender", VERSION};
     Surface surface = {&context, &window, "Primary Surface"};
 
     PhysicalDevices physicalDevices = {&surface, &context};

samples/03_model_render/shader/model.ps.hlsl

@@ -15,38 +15,38 @@ struct FS_Output
 
 float4 GetAlbedo(float2 UV, float4 InColor)
 {
-    float4 AlbedoFactor = (float4) MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].AlbedoFactor;
-    uint AlbedoTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].AlbedoTex;
+    float4 AlbedoFactor = (float4) MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].AlbedoFactor;
+    uint AlbedoTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].AlbedoTex;
     
-    return AlbedoFactor * InColor * (AlbedoTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[NonUniformResourceIndex(AlbedoTexId)].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[NonUniformResourceIndex(AlbedoTexId)], UV) : 1.0f.xxxx);
+    return AlbedoFactor * InColor * (AlbedoTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[AlbedoTexId].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[AlbedoTexId], UV) : 1.0f.xxxx);
 }
 
 float GetOcclusion(float2 UV)
 {
-    uint OcclusionTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].OcclusionTex;
+    uint OcclusionTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].OcclusionTex;
     
-    return OcclusionTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[NonUniformResourceIndex(OcclusionTexId)].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[NonUniformResourceIndex(OcclusionTexId)], UV).r : 1.0f;
+    return OcclusionTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[OcclusionTexId].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[OcclusionTexId], UV).r : 1.0f;
 }
 
 float3 GetEmissive(float2 UV)
 {
-    float3 EmissionFactor = (float3) MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].EmissionFactor;
-    uint EmissionTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].EmissionTex;
+    float3 EmissionFactor = (float3) MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].EmissionFactor;
+    uint EmissionTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].EmissionTex;
     
-    return EmissionFactor * (EmissionTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[NonUniformResourceIndex(EmissionTexId)].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[NonUniformResourceIndex(EmissionTexId)], UV).rgb : 1.0f.xxx);
+    return EmissionFactor * (EmissionTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[EmissionTexId].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[EmissionTexId], UV).rgb : 1.0f.xxx);
 }
 
 float3 GetNormal(float3 Position, float3 Normal, float2 UV)
 {
     float3 N = normalize(Normal);
     
-    uint NormalTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].NormalTex;
+    uint NormalTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].NormalTex;
     if (NormalTexId == INVALID_HANDLE)
     {
         return N;
     }
         
-    float3 TangentSpaceNormal = Textures[NonUniformResourceIndex(NormalTexId)].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[NonUniformResourceIndex(NormalTexId)], UV).xyz * 2.0f - 1.0f;
+    float3 TangentSpaceNormal = Textures[NormalTexId].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[NormalTexId], UV).xyz * 2.0f - 1.0f;
 
     float3 q1 = ddx(Position);
     float3 q2 = ddy(Position);
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ float3 GetNormal(float3 Position, float3 Normal, float2 UV)
 
 float2 GetMetalRough(float2 UV)
 {
-    float2 MetalRoughFactors = float2(MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].MetalFactor, MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].RoughFactor);
-    uint MetalRoughTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][NonUniformResourceIndex(PushConstant.MaterialIdx)].MetalRoughTex;
+    float2 MetalRoughFactors = float2(MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].MetalFactor, MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].RoughFactor);
+    uint MetalRoughTexId = MaterialsBuffer[PushConstant.MaterialBufferHandle][PushConstant.MaterialIdx].MetalRoughTex;
     
-    return MetalRoughFactors * (MetalRoughTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[NonUniformResourceIndex(MetalRoughTexId)].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[NonUniformResourceIndex(MetalRoughTexId)], UV).bg : 1.0f.xx); // Metal is B, Rough is G.
+    return MetalRoughFactors * (MetalRoughTexId != INVALID_HANDLE ? Textures[MetalRoughTexId].Sample(ImmutableSamplers[MetalRoughTexId], UV).bg : 1.0f.xx); // Metal is B, Rough is G.
 }
 
 float3 SampleIrradiance(float3 Direction)

samples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
 
 add_subdirectory("00_util")
-add_subdirectory("01_triangle")
+# add_subdirectory("01_triangle")
 add_subdirectory("02_box")
 add_subdirectory("03_model_render")
 # add_subdirectory("04_scenes")